Some Reasons For Unhappiness

Some Reasons For Unhappiness The true American dream of the pursuit of happiness might now directly change into the pursuit of material wealth because some people are becoming unhappy. I assume our immeasurable desires make us unhappy. Psychologists define unhappiness as a mental or emotional state of distress that is distinguished by negative or upset emotions fluctuating from contentment to intense misery. I started my journey reasons for unhappiness, by interviewing some Montgomery College students, and I continued interviewing many other people: my friends, co-workers and relatives. Then, I did some research and watched a great documentary film called HAPPY and some more videos from websites to strengthen my case. Next, I examined people different reasons and views for their unhappiness. The first reason is seriousness of their unhappiness. Some people are not happy because they have extra weight on their body, and others are unhappy because they lost someone they deeply love. Also, they have complex reasons from one another. Some people believe they hate their job because they dont have enough money to afford what they want to buy. Others are not happy because they dont have a job. Health is also another concerning reason. Some people are unhappy because they dont have good health and others are not happy because they dont have money to buy cigarettes. After I studied different types of unhappiness, I found out people can become unhappy in two different ways. One way to be unhappy is having bad relationships among families, co-workers and friends. Another way is having personal problem, such as health. There are also several ways to become happy. These can be reading the Holy Bible, traveling aboard and learning about different cultures, creating great social interaction with your neighbors, or building freedom of choices. Introduction Pressures we carried in our lives can produce destinations for our happiness or unhappiness, such as a final exam for a student, an interview for a job seeker, an experiment for a scientist, or a touchdown for a football player. These conditions are major deciders for our happiness or sadness. Even though it is obvious that every one of us seek a single outcome -joy, there are still many reasons for unhappiness. I believe our happiness can be achieved by feasible dreams or heart desires, but not unobtainable dreams that put us into miserable situations. My assumption is limitless desires for everything we could ask for and even more have made us to not appreciate life and to no be happy. During my study, I found several reasons and research papers about unhappiness, but I mainly focused the dimension, complexity or differentiate, and unhealthiness of unhappiness to support my hypothesis. In this trying research, my goal is study the danger of unhappiness and its consequences and to find recommendations that fulfill a person life with full of happiness. In addition, the purpose of this report is to scrutinize or avoid our unhappiness because I believe it may cause demise. I have included some people life experiences and interviews and expert analyses. Methods According to Ian Sample article, How to be happy? the Guardian newspaper in November 2003, most of us are born with a certain amount of happiness, and our happiness is a best way to achieve our goals. However, unhappiness has been an endless problem for most individuals. Thus, I started by interviewing to proof my assumption. I interviewed some Montgomery Community College students, my friends, my families, and my co-workers, and all the interviews was fun, and besides it helped me to get supportive evidences. After I had numerous interviews, I watched a one and half hour documentary film called HAPPY, directed and written by Roko Belic, on Netflix. The documentary has an extraordinary journey from small town India to the modern city Japan in pursuit of happiness. Also, it has actual life stories of individuals from around the world and influential interviews with some top experts and scientists. It also explores the secrets behind our most valued emotion, happiness. I watched the documentary many times, and I carefully took a note about why people are happy or unhappy. Next, I composed some information about happiness from different website articles, such as the Guardian daily newspaper. In addition, I watched several videos, on TED.com, about happiness and unhappiness, which help me to prove my hypothesis come up with strong conclusion and recommendation. Results Depths of unhappiness Nancy Etcoff, a professor of the science of Happiness at Harvard university, in her talk, Happiness and its Surprises on ted.com, explained that humans are very sensitive of negative things; hence, they can easily be unhappy. During my study, I mainly focused on the profundity of unhappiness because some people unhappiness was a slight lower-amid gloom. For instance, they were unhappy because they got a parking ticket while parking in No Parking! areas. I tried to avoid this common and ordinary unhappiness, which have easy solutions. For instance, if someone is unhappy about his weight, he can exercise. Also, it was pretty difficulty for me to record consultations about unhappiness. While I was fully concerning to get a negative life experience, some people I interviewed were giving me a commonplace sadness because they concerned about protecting their depressed stories. In general, the majority of my interviewer stories were very common unhappiness. They were simply unhappy in particular situations and overlooked it right away. However, some have emotionally wounded for long period of time, which allowed me to see how unhappiness deeply affected people lives. One of my good friends told me about his agonizing marriage story, and how it affected his life. He told me that he found his wife cheating; however, he has been willing to keep his relationship for the sake of his children. Even though he is still unhappy about it, he mentioned that he fears if he wanted a divorce, he will lose his children. As a result, he chooses to be unhappy and lives with his children than getting divorce. Complexity of unhappiness In my study, I also found that unhappiness can have a different involvedness between ages and situations. For instance, My nephew, age 10, want to play game during weekend if he didnt allowed to play a video game in weekends, he would be unhappy. And, some college students believe that they are not happy because of some bad professors. Their repulsions are even though they have a good or bad grade, they are not happy by the way they are learning in some classes. However, some other college students have different ideas, they believe that the reason why college students are unhappy because of stressful college course, which has various pressures and expectation, and most time these prevent students to earn good grades. Also, my co-workers have different explanation for their unhappiness. Most of my co-workers think they are not happy because of low payment in the company. In contrast, my unemployed friends feel miserable because they couldnt find a job. How unhappiness impact a person health? During my interviews, some people give me feedback of unhappiness concerning to heath. They said that when they feel like there are too many pressures or demands on them, they become stressful. For instance, when they are worrying about tests and schoolwork, they might lose sleep. When they have busy schedules, they might eat on the run. Also, everyone experiences stress at times; adults, teens, and even kids, but there are ways to minimize or to manage those health problems. However, not like the following story. Markus, my co-worker in JCP, told me a poignant story of his ex-girlfriend. He told me that his ex-girlfriend became drug addicted because she was unhappy in her life. When she took drugs, she felt false happy. Thus, she continued to use drugs because if she didnt take drugs, she believed she would have a stressful day. Markus was unhappy by her situation and he tried to stop her for several months. However, she couldnt listen to him. Finally, she ended up death while taking drugs. Discussion During my study of reasons for unhappiness, I found out about two ways of unhappiness which support my hypothesis: one there is dependent unhappiness, and there is independent unhappiness. Dependent unhappiness is unhappiness that we feel when we lost what we had. For instance, if suppose we keep expecting from others: friends and co-workers including our relatives, we finally end up unhappy because people are capable of making mistake. Daniel Kahneman on his talks, The Riddle of experience vs. memory on ted.com, explained even though every one of us want to make happy one and another, still people are becoming unhappy because what other people did to them. Independent unhappiness is melancholies that happen when we have desire that has never-ending. For instance, when we comparing ourselves to others. When we want more of something things weather it is bad or good. We are not pretty skillful about thinking quickly before we act, so we need not be disgraceful about our own deeds. If we can solve problems in our life then there is no need of worry, but we still deeply stressed and become unhappy plus hurt our health with the thing we cant solve. During my studies, I have perceived whether it is dependent or independent unhappiness, people are becoming unhappy because they dont have a limit for things. Most of our unhappiness came from the unrestricted desire of achievements. We should have to know our capabilities and potential what wed, and has to keep little expectations from others as much little as possible also from ourselves. Even though our unhappiness is bring those various types of problems and different reasons. Some reasons are depth and some are easy, and some reasons are complex and have health issues. Recommendation to become happy They are many recommendations for our unhappiness. J.D. Roth, a founder of award-winning website Get Rich Slowly, in his article, The Psychology of Happiness: 13 Steps to a Better Life, on GetRichSlowly.org, has recommended how to avoid unlimited desires and some step for a better life. Also, he mentioned that people should not compare physically or socially to one another, and to focus to their personal goals. In addition, getting away of unhappiness might have different recommendations, but all have the same impact, which is becoming happy again. No one ever found happiness alone, gazing at his navel. Happiness is not personal. It is relational. If we improve our relationships, we will surely boost our happiness. Thus, traveling aboard and exploring new things, becoming closely connected or associated with neighborhoods are some of freedom of choice: doing what someone loves to do and knowing limitation: avoiding life pressures can help us to get away from unhappiness. Work cited: Sample, Ian. How to Be Happy. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 19 Nov. 2003. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . The Psychology of Happiness: 13 Steps to a Better Life. Get Rich Slowly à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Personal Finance That Makes Sense. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . Nancy Etcoff: Happiness and Its Surprises. TED: Ideas worth Spreading. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . 2005, World Values Survey. Happiness Net Statistics Countries Compared. NationMaster.com. NationMaster, n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . Daniel Kahneman: The Riddle of Experience vs. Memory. TED: Ideas worth Spreading. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . Happy. IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2012

Satire of Modest Proposal

Satire at its Finest A masterful satire, this is what Jonathon Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is. The writing is used to construct a misunderstood proposal that comments on the social hardship of Ireland while blaming the government’s incompetence as well as the morals of the country. His proposal makes it visible to others that there is a need for social reform. From the beginning, it is not clear to the readers of what Swift’s true proposal actually is, but as it is being broken apart, one can see that the entire writing is full of sarcasm.The proposal itself speaks to the people who ignore the issues but who are also the ones that can fix them. As a proposed solution, that author states in the intro that â€Å"for preventing the children of poor people in Ireland from being a burden to their parents or country, for making them beneficial to the public† (Swift 239). Swift is bringing upon an attempt to find a cheap and easy method for bringing c hildren of the poor into the commonwealth as well as turning the problem that is amuck, into its own solution.He uses analogies for the way people, a nation, can be devoured and how the nation is consuming itself and its own resources. â€Å"I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords who, as they have already devoured most of their parents, seem to have the best title to the children†(Swift 240). Swift has effective and ineffective ways of using different literary techniques that will intrigue one or leave them completely baffled with his proposal. At first glance of this writing, a reader can be nothing but appalled, though it causes one to think about realistic solutions and to take action.Swift’s proposal is effective by which he delivers his argument so efficiently and with such detail and use of sarcastic comparisons, exaggerations, and emotional appeals. His main solution to this problem is the practice of selling and eating children. â€Å"A young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome for, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or ragout†(Swift 240). He uses statistical support and specific data about pricing, rates, and population numbers, to make his argument more agreeable and supportive.To make his proposal so effective, the author uses good structure, tone, language, and rhetorical appeals. The use of suggestive language makes it hard for the reader to not agree with his arguments. Though the language is clear, it is at a cross with the tone. The tone though full of sarcasm and irony, changes throughout and also reduces human beings and compares them to livestock. An example of this is when Swift writes that â€Å"women as breeders,† and â€Å"children just drooped from its darn† (Swift 241).At first, the author was sympathetic toward the people, but then it becom es more sarcastic again. The use of ethos, logos, and pathos play a large role in making this writing so effective. The constant flow of disgust and humor, have an effect on the reader emotionally, creating pathos. The ethos and logos give the writing underlying meaning, while the logos create an unsympathetic feeling allowing the proposal to come off as one that is opposed. With the author creating different methods of cooking children, the ethos is weakened. A wholesome food whether stewed, roasted, baked or boiled† (Swift 240). With supporting evidence from friends, Swift provides details on better consumption ages, flavors, and experience. This proposal also has some techniques that make it ineffective in its writing. The author is portraying himself to be from a self-righteous moral stance. His stance on the sides is not easy to identify. The irony used is to criticize the society that enables all these problems and the poverty of others while at the same time it is degra ding the poor.His writing shows a lack of compassion for the human life, and by being one-sided and not considering opposing viewpoints, it loses some effectiveness. By discriminating, one would suggest it has an effect on it as well. The story does contain fallacies. One of these fallacies is appeal to authority. Jonathon Swift suggests a friend, who it seems is one of a higher status, who describes the different ages, value and ways that he and others have committed cannibalism. This fallacy is an argument that attempts to overawe an opponent into accepting a conclusion, appealing to ones feelings of modesty.Overall, â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathon Swift is a very well created satire. Not only does this piece of literature draw one into the progressions of tones and use of strong and witty language, but there are statistics and data to make this argument favorable. In the end of Swift’s writing, he tells us that he has nothing to gain economically, being that he has no children. With this act, one can see that the author is being more sincere than previously believed. The author uses effective and ineffective ways of using different literary tools and tricks that draw many people into is proposal and to see the ultimate reason for it. The rhetorical appeals, structure, tone, discrimination and many details make this writing so intriguing. This absurd request is a way in which to better attempt an economical change in Ireland and to reveal what others wish to not see in the country. His method to get there is one of great success. Work Cited: Swift, Jonathon. â€Å"A Modest Proposal. † Reading Literature and Writing Argument. Eds. Missy James and Alan P. Merickel. 4th ed. Boston: Longman/Pearson, 2011. 238-44. Print.

How To Have a Lazy Day - 752 Words

Have you ever been so utterly stressed out that you had to step aside for a few moments and close your eyes, pretending you’re somewhere else entirely? There are many things in life that I look forward to. Through tedious tasks each day, I can’t help but daydream about the things that I would most prefer to be doing. Sometimes it could be as simple as enjoying a coffee ice cream shake. For the most part, however, I fantasize about my favorite non-food items. A warm, sunny day with a gentle breeze. A picnic at my favorite brook. Long road trips with great tunes and a friend. Though these are all fantastic ideas, I have to say that there is one day-off activity that I am an utter expert at: the ultimate retreat: the lazy day on the couch.†¦show more content†¦Having chips, granola bars, chocolate, and maybe even a few pre-made sandwiches within easy reach is a bonus. Mini-fridges help in this aspect, but are not absolutely necessary. Ice cream is non-negotiable. Chocolate or butterscotch syrup may be added according to preference- in fact any topping can be added- peanuts, sprinkles, even fresh fruits. Sherbet may be substituted in cases of lactose intolerance. Soda, tea, beer, and bottled water can help for thirst. These must be within easy reach, and sometimes it can help to keep a cooler close-by with ice, so that your drinks are refreshingly cold. Occasionally a commercial may come on for a food item not in stock in the fridge. These things can not be pre-planned, and so a delivery menu can keep a great situation from becoming dire. It is recommended that a hat and a long jacket be kept near to the door, so that embarrassment at your clothes does not impede on fantastic Thai food delivery. Arrangements must be made pre-lazy day for these things. Being hungry and parched in front of a television can cut into lethargic bliss. The third and last crucial factor of laziness is the proper attire. On a lazy day, jeans are not allowed. In fac t, even showers are somewhat frowned upon. In the event that a shower is deemed necessary, it must not be quick and the heat is allowed to be turned up to the comfort level at least for the duration of said shower. Returning toShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Modern Technology839 Words   |  4 PagesHow is modern technology involved in your life? According to Ellen DeGeneres, she believes that modern technology is hurting us, as stated in the essay, â€Å"This is How We Live.† In my opinion, I think today’s society tends to be very involved with social media and we are constantly exposed to new apps, games, websites etc. Growing up in our generation makes it hard to do things without the help of smart phones, tablets, computers and other sources of technology. We constantly use technology for ourRead MoreHomework Yourself Out Of Being Lazy1639 Words   |  7 PagesHow to Trick Yourself Out of Being Lazy Being lazy is a wonderful feeling. 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Analysis of The Stranger and the Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus Free Essay Example, 3000 words

As Camus writes, Many years more he lived facing the curve of the gulf, the sparkling sea, and the smiles of the earth. A decree of the gods was necessary. Mercury came and seized the impudent man by the collar and, snatching him from his joys, led him forcibly back to the underworld, where his rock was ready for him. His freedom is really an illusion. This is not to say there are any deistic powers. The gods in this version of the story could simply stand in for the natural limitations of life. He enjoyed many years living by the sea before he died before he was forced to leave this world. In existential thought, the absence of a god or gods does not in any way connote true freedom. One can choose to do anything, but there are no real consequences to these choices. It is similar to flipping a coin. Freedom is only freedom of being in the world, and this being is sharply circumscribed by reality which places significant restrictions on what people can do. We will write a custom es say sample on Analysis of The Stranger and the Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Attitude is all. Indeed, society or the political world is not even required for this although certainly, it is poignant to see how we have created our own cage in many ways the natural world itself betrays us. Thus Meursault is not acting consciously when he shoots the Arab on the beach: it is the sun that betrays him, glinting off the knife inspiring him to commit a self-destructive act. The world conspires against us sometimes. This lack of control clearly begets desperation.

Case Study for Trap Ease America (Marketing) - 967 Words

Case Study: Trap ­Ease America 1. Trap ­ Ease only has a once ­in ­a ­lifetime opportunity because the investors see that this product has big potential since the idea is great. The investors saw the product and automatically saw that people would buy it since it is such an easy and clean solution to something associated with messy and violent. The information needed to evaluate the opportunity is the study of the market, competitors, and other products. Also, the awards and buzz surrounding the Trap ­Ease also helped the investors see this as a high potential. The positioning of Trap ­Ease is centered around dead mice and the product. They really value their product and want to show its usefulness. The group’s mission statement†¦show more content†¦There should be ads in the department stores they sell in, tv commercial, and even the internet. If this was blended in with the other â€Å"P’s† , it will have a stronger presen ce in the market. 5. Trap ­Ease America, although being an all new and mess ­free way to get rid of mice and rats, has at least one major competitor: the original mousetrap. The mousetrap has a big advantage in that it has been around since 1876 so many competing companies, like Ortho,, distribute them. Iit has a big place in the market. Also, it has reached all of its possible market target. Whenever there is a rodent problem in a house, it is the first solution that comes to mind. Other competitors are companies that sell poisons and noiseless plug in devices that sell from Riddex and Motocomo. Trap ­Ease is in its inception and will fight its way through the competition with the idea of a mess ­free way to rid the pests. 6. The first thing I would do would be to applaud Martha for her work alone and then hire an actual marketing strategy team. Marketing strategy is too big of an area to cover with only one person. You need other people to focus on dif ferent areas that set up the marketing logic. 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Information that they need is to see if there are any Companies ( competitors ) that produce similar products (mousetrap) do not have the similar technology with Trap-Ease product, that they have a better mousetrap, efficient andRead MoreTrap-Ease America: the Big Cheese of Mousetraps1483 Words   |  6 Pages Faculty of Business and Economics Graduate Program ADVANCED MARKETING MANAGEMENT, MKT.500 Case Study one: Trap-Ease America: The Big Cheese Of Mousetraps Presented To: Dr. Ziad Haddad Presented By: Shady Habboub Fall Semester 2009-2010 1- The Mission Statement of Trap-Ease America: â€Å"We want to free your homes from mice. Fathers: you can protect your families easily and safely. Trap-Ease America is your state of the art solution† 2- The opportunities thatRead MoreCase Study : Trap Ease America837 Words   |  4 Pages Aulus Argollo Case Study: Trap-Ease America 1. 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Deontology and the Categorical Imperative Free Essays

First, let us examine what it means to act in a deontological manner. Demonology is â€Å"the normative ethical position that Judges the morality of an action based on the action’s adherence to a rule or rules† (â€Å"Ethics-virtue†, Standard Encyclopedia of Philosophy). For someone to act in a deontological manner, he must follow a course of action not because it causes the greatest amount of good to either themselves or others, but because it is the â€Å"right† thing to do. We will write a custom essay sample on Deontology and the Categorical Imperative or any similar topic only for you Order Now A deontological believes that it is their â€Å"duty† to follow these moral imperatives, and it is these values which are the basis which Emmanuel Kant bases his Categorical Imperative on. In Kantian, a theory of demonology developed by Emmanuel Kant based on his Categorical Imperative, we should make decisions based on our duty to others and that it is not the action’s consequences which make it right or wrong, but the motives of the individual who is carrying them out (Kant, Emmanuel. 1780. â€Å"Preface†). For example, if I say, I do not murder other human beings because I would not wish others to murder, I am behaving deontological because as a society we would not wish murder to become a universal rule. Similarly, I would not wish someone to secretly defraud Investors and embezzle company money, but more on that soon. If a person is to act in this decidedly UN;deontological manner, they might have justified it in one of two likely other manners. The first non-deontological theory we someone could operate with is utilitarianism. In this moral theory, â€Å"the proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility, specifically defined as maximizing happiness and reducing suffering† (Utilitarianism. N. D. ) In Wisped. Retrieved January 20, 2013, from http:// ordering others, we still do not wish this to occur but this time it is because the act of murder does not maximize happiness as a society. The loss of an individual in this manner would detract from the whole be it either from a production stand-point, or because of the emotion detriment it brings others. Misuse of a corporation’s funds could be Justified in a certain scenario, so we will add this to our toolbox of motives for now. A second non-deontological moral theory we must examine is the idea of egotism. With egotism, a person’s primary drive is to enhance their own interests – be they intellectual, physical, societal, or otherwise – over the interests of others (Egotism. (n. D. ) In Wisped). Within the context of our example about murder, an egotist does not wish for murder to exist simply because he or she would not wish to be murdered. Within the scope of business operations, this ideology would seem to form the basis of most practices. While the advancement of a corporation would be paramount in the eyes of those with the most vested interest, this moral guideline can be disastrous in a society that does not share this belief as the rule of the land. Let us now look at two of the ethical problems raised by the Delphic Communications case. The first problem we will examine is the fact that Delphic was using two different sets of accounting books, one with doctored numbers that was given to investors, and one which showed the true finances and what was being manipulated for the fraudulent figures. This, according to testimony produced by James R. Brown, Dahlia’s former vice president of finance (Grant, 2004, p. CLC). Members of the Riggs family were ultimately indicted for looting the company of more the $100 million and aiding $2 billion in debt. Regardless of an argument of either this being a cover-up in order to hide the Riggs family’s personal use of company funds, or merely a tactic to delay investor outrage in order to settle outstanding debts incurred by Delphic operations, this cannot be considered a deontological based maneuver. Adherence to ones duty to the company and its core operations is contrary to these kinds of behavior. Also, under no circumstance would lying biblically about a company’s well- being in a capitalistic society be considered as being desirable as a normative rule. At best, if this were done as to buy the company time to right its finances, this action could be eschewed as utilitarian if the underlying goal was to prevent panic on Wall SST. And to maximize society’s net worth. Likelier, this was an egotistic based motive in order for the Riggs family to continue their practices of using the company as their personal â€Å"piggy-bank† as it were. There is evidence of this being the case based upon the next ethical issue we will address. During the course of investigations carried out in the course of this case, it was covered that members of the Riggs family had also used corporate money to finance a golf-course on private family property of theirs (The SEC, 2002). Much like the previously mentioned ethical problem, it is difficult to determine in what, if any, way this action could be eschewed as either a deontological or categorically imperative decision. If it were the norm for members of any company with access to corporate funding to use them on private projects without prior approval, there would be few corporations which would be able to operate in much of any capacity. Dominant having misappropriated funds that were allocated for actual business operations. Even when viewed in light of a utilitarian stand-point, the Jobs which would have been created through the construction and operation of said golf-course would not have warranted an unauthorized expenditure of this magnitude outside of the company’s normal business operations. The member of the Riggs family who authorized the use of these funds should have instead chosen to use his own capital in order to finance this endeavor if it was truly that necessary. Utilizing Dahlia’s none in order to build this project falls categorically within the scope of an egotist method of reasoning. These couple examples were but a few highlights that were uncovered during the course of the Delphic indictment. Members of the Riggs family might not have seen an end to their empire had they taken a step back and evaluated not only the consequences of their actions, but the rationale behind what they were doing. Demonology and categorical imperatives, like most morale methodologies, are difficult to apply in every scenario. Doing what is right for the sake of its rightness, or because t is your duty to perform in a specific way can fail in an instance of grave social importance. As instanced in the threaded discussion this week, if a programmer of nuclear missile technologies learns of an attack by his employer against another nation does his or her duty lie with the attacker or those who would be attacked? Of the moral decision making tools discussed in this paper, Egotism, Utilitarianism, Demonology, and Categorical Imperatives all provide a different answer to the question in hand. The members of the Riggs family might still feel they are in the eight if their ill gains were greater than the pain of imprisonment from a strictly Egotistic model. How to cite Deontology and the Categorical Imperative, Papers

Saudi Arabia and Its Culture free essay sample

Society as a whole valued behavior displaying generosity, selflessness, and hospitality; deference to those above in the hierarchy of the family; freedom from dependence on others and mastery over ones emotions; and willingness to support other family members and assume responsibility for their errors. Chastity and sexual modesty were also very highly valued. Applied primarily to women, these values were not only tied to family honor but were held to be a religious obligation as well http://saudiarabiarafael. blogspot. com/2008/05/saudi-arabia-values. html Women is prohibited socialize with male native people that don? t have a parental relation, so they have the value of chastity, sexual modesty and particular deference for their relatives http://saudiarabiarafael. blogspot. com/2008/05/beliefs-and-values-similar-or-different_26. html Family dynamics: Family primary basis of identity and status for the individual and the immediate focus of individual loyalty, just as it was among those who recognized a tribal affiliation Families formed alignments with other families sharing common interests and life-styles, Families tended to be patriarchal Father in the family appearing as an authoritarian figure at the top of a hierarchy based on age and sex Men can have as many as four wives, but polygamy is no longer widely practiced. If wealthier men do have more than one wife, the wives and their children tend to live in separate units from each other. http://dpuadweb. depauw. edu/$1~mkfinney/teaching/Com227/culturalPortfolios/Saudi_Arabia/Family. htm Communication: Relationships Communication You will need a Saudi sponsor (wakeel) to enter the country. The sponsor acts as an intermediary and arranges appointments with appropriate individuals. Saudis do not require as much personal space as most western cultures. As such, they will stand close to you while conversing and you may feel as if your personal space has been violated. Saudis prefer to work with people they know and trust and will spend a great deal of time on the getting-to-know-you part of relationship building. You must be patient. Since Saudis will most likely judge you on appearances, dress and present yourself well. Meeting Etiquette Men shake hands. Good friends may greet each other with a handshake and a kiss on each cheek. Women generally hug and kiss close friends. Men and women would not greet each other in public I from outside the family. When Saudis greet each other they take their time and converse about general things. Gift Giving Etiquette Gifts are not the norm as in many other countries. If you are invited to a Saudis house bring something small as a thank you. Flowers do not make good gifts from a man, although a woman could give them to her hostess. Never give alcohol unless you are positive they partake. Gifts are not opened when received. Dining Etiquette Saudis socialize primarily in restaurants and international hotels when entertaining expatriates whom they do not know well. After some time you will be invited to the home. Entertainment will generally be same-sex only. If both sexes are included, they will be in separate rooms. If you are invited to a Saudis house: You would usually remove your shoes. Dress conservatively. Try to arrive at the invited time. Punctuality is appreciated but not crucial. Show respect for the elders by greeting them first. Accept the offer of Arabian coffee and dates even if you do not normally drink coffee. If you are invited for a meal, understand that there will be a great deal of socializing and small talk before the meal is served. Table manners If the meal is on the floor, sit cross-legged or kneel on one knee.. Eat only with the right hand as the left is considered unclean. Try a bit of everything that is served. Meals are generally served family-style. Honored guests are often offered the most prized pieces such as a sheeps head so be prepared! There is often more food than you can eat. Part of Saudi hospitality and generosity is to shower guests with abundance. There is little conversation during meals so that diners may relish the food. http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/resources/global-etiquette/saudi-arabia-country-profile. html Specific topics that are taboo in Saudi Arabia are marital relations, rape, and domestic violence. It is considered highly taboo to ask a Saudi how their family, specifically female members, is A persons foot is seen as the lowliest part of ones body, it is highly offensive to point ones toe or foot at someone, or to use ones foot to move an object. Therefore, crossing your legs or putting feet up on a table, practices that are common in America, would be seen as offensive in Saudi Arabia Women are expected to be reserved and conservative, with shoulders, legs, and other parts of the body covered In a male-to-male greeting, the two parties typically take part in a warm hand shake using their right hands, and then they embrace with two to three kisses on the cheeks of the other party Female-to-female greetings are similar, as they shake hands and kiss each other on the cheeks There is little to no touching between males and females (unless they are blood related or married), and even then, physical touching is held to a minimum In conversation and every day, eye contact between a male and female can be misinterpreted. Therefore, most women tend to avoid eye contact with males. Additionally, women are not supposed to speak out against the male authority figures http://hopeinterculturalcomm. weebly. com/language-taboos-what-not-questioned-veracity-humor. html http://www. iorworld. com/saudi-arabia-pages-498. php Illness and health practices: A rich body of traditional medicine previously existed in Saudi Arabia Physical ailments were treated with the use of herbs and other plants and also by cauterization or burning a specific part of the body with a hot iron Severe mental health problems were often addressed through special readings of the Koran http://www. everyculture. com/Sa-Th/Saudi-Arabia. html Some people wear amulets for protection against the evil eye or will burn incense to keep the evil eye away from the sick Prayers and reading from Al Quran or the Bible help give comfort to patients and family members and enhance the patients recovery Nurses are perceived as helpers, not health care professionals, and their suggestions and advice are not taken seriously Family members need to be with the body until it is ready to be removed from the hospital. Muslims prefer to bury the body on the day death occurs Most Arabs consider childbirth to be a female issue only. A woman in labor is usually surrounded by female relatives and friends. Fathers are not admitted to the labor room/