John Steinbeck Essay

Steinbeck as an author always seemed to have a niche for writing stories that made you think about the importance of life. Respect for life was highlighted in his stories many times, whether it’s the presence of or the lack of. A few stories that involved this were The Pearl, Of Mice and Men and Travels with Charlie. He knew how to tug on peoples heart strings and make them really think about what life truly means to us even after we close the book. The importance of respecting life is evident. Life is something that is beautiful when it is given and sorrow some when its taken away. The beauty of something alive can easily outweigh the beauty of it dead, to some people. To some people the thrill of the kill is all that matters and showing that they are the dominant species. This disrespect of life itself is portrayed in the story Travels with Charlie. Steinbeck, being an older wise man at this time knew the beauty of life and felt that it was better to keep the two coyotes alive than kill them and take the beauty of them away. He respects life greatly because he sees the beauty in it and wants to see that beauty shine on. Also, in The Pearl, he shows his respect for life through Kino wanting to preserve Coyotito’s innocence and let him live on to be more than he was himself. On the other hand, some people do not respect life. These people, like Curley’s wife in Of Mice and Men, treat people like property, like Crooks. She threatened to lynch him if he ever did anything wrong or got out of place. She does not see the beauty in this mans life and therefore does not treat him with the respect he deserves, instead she puts herself before him metaphorically and treats him like a common slave. In conclusion, Steinbeck shows that the beauty of life can either be respected and appreciated or disrespected and abused. These two viewpoints of life can differ between the person but he shows how respect and admiration can prove the best way to go about a situation. And how hate and disrespect for someone can cause you to think less of them and not see the beauty they possess within.

Glass ceiling

Shlreen Naqvi Submitted To: Sir. Jahangir Abstract: The glass ceiling persists for women in public relations and communications management, despite increasing feminization of these fields. This qualitative study seeks to Identify factors that support and perpetuate the problem of the glass celling for women in public relations and corporate communications management. Introduction:Glass ceiling, the point at which you can clearly see the next level of promotion but despite of your best effort, an invisible barrier seems to stop you from proceeding further In order to reach your set goals. Traditionally, the glass ceiling was a concept applied to women and some of the minorities. It was very hard but not impossible for them to reach upper management positions. No matter how qualified or experienced, they simply were not given opportunltles to further advance with their careers. Today, there are many more women and minorities in powerful positions.However the glass ceiling is still very real and it is not always limited to gender or race. It is a topic to be discussed In order to overcome this hurdle and to make necessary arrangements in the systems where ever necessary, so that everyone has a free hand to flourish more and more. Research objectives: The aim of this article is to highlight the problems which the female employees face In their career, how the gender discrimination Is being done and the dfferent ways nd tools in order to make the female employees to lag behind. lass ceiling By shireennaqvi Shireen Naqvi seeks to identify factors that support and perpetuate the problem of the glass ceiling further in order to reach your set goals. Traditionally, the glass ceiling was a concept they simply were not given opportunities to further advance with their careers. topic to be discussed in order to overcome this hurdle and to make necessary in their career, how the gender discrimination is being done and the different ways

A Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Abortion

A Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Abortion Abstract The topic of abortion has been a controversial subject for many years. The people for or against it have split into two groups, pro- life and pro-choice. The main topic of discussion about this is when does life begin and when is it appropriate for abortion to be done, if it is appropriate or okay at any time at all. There has been many facts and reasons for why or why not abortion should be done. These will be found in the following paper. Keywords: pro life, pro choice, abortion. Pro Life vs Pro Choice: When does life begin? The debate over whether or not abortion should be a legal option continues to divide many Americans, even after the US Supreme Court’s ruling declaring that abortion is a fundamental right† for women nationwide. People that agree with this, referred to as pro-choice, believe that abortion is a right that should not be limited by the government or any religious authority. They also say that pregnant women with unwanted pregnancies will succumb to unsafe illegal abortions if there is no legal option available to them (Should Abortion, 2013). People against this identifying themselves as pro-life, saying that ‘personhood’ begins at conception, thus meaning abortion is the immoral killing of an innocent human being. It is also said by â€Å"pro-lifers† that abortion inflicts suffering on the unborn child, and also that it isn’t fair to allow abortion when couples who cannot biologically conceive are waiting to adopt (Head, 2013). It has been said in many articles that abortion is wrong, and all of them give ideally the same reasons as said before. One article in particular however shows the change of a person from pro-choice, to pro-life. It tells the story of a pro-choice medical student that after his experience of witnessing an abortion quickly changed his opinion on the matter. Terzo’s witness of the abortion was following (2013): When I entered the operating room, it felt like any other I had ever been in. On the table in front of me, I saw a woman, legs up as if delivering a child although she was asleep. Next to her was a tray of instruments for the abortion and a vacuum machine for suctioning the fetal tissues from the uterus. The doctors put on their gowns and masks and the procedure began. The cervix was held open with a crude metal instrument and a large transparent tube was stuck inside of the woman. Within a matter of seconds, the machine’s motor was engaged and blood, tissue, and tiny organs were pulled out of their environment into a filter. A minute later, the vacuum choked to a halt. The tube was removed, and stuck to the end was a small body and a head attached haphazardly to it, what was formed of the neck snapped. The ribs had formed with a thin skin covering them, the eyes had formed, and the inner organs had begun to function. The tiny heart of the fetus, obviously a little boy, had ju st stopped — forever. The vacuum filter was opened, and the tiny arms and legs that had been torn off of the fetus were accounted for. The fingers and toes had the beginnings of their nails on them. The doctors, proud of their work, reassembled the body to show me. Tears welled up in my eyes as they removed the baby boy from the table and shoved his body into a container for disposal. He goes on saying that most people who are pro-choice as he was before, are only pro choice because they do not know what is happening in that operating room, and if they did they would most certainly become pro-life, if not in it’s entirety, then simply in the abortion aspect of it. There is another article that give insight into the argument of â€Å"when does life really begin?† It was said that even pro choice philosophers agree that life begins at fertilization. According to Wilcox (2013), â€Å"They grow through cellular reproduction and division, they metabolize food for energy, and they respond to stimuli. In fact, the only thing the unborn need to survive are adequate nutrition, a proper environment, and an absence of fatal threats. That’s all any of us need. There is no point in human development at which the developing entity goes from non-life to living†. The artcle continues to state that since life does begin at fertilization that abortion is the immoral killing of human beings and should not be legal. My reaction to this simply, why does it affect them? Whether it is their moral belief, philosophical belief, or scientific belief, the actions of others outside their immediate group or family will most likely not affect them. To me it almost as if they are trying to push their moral belief on someone and persuade everyone to believe what they believe, this cannot always happen. Who gives someone the right to tell someone whether or not they can legally decide to bring a life into the world, the government? Why is the government revisiting an issue that was seemingly resolved before in another case? Is this an attempt to even further control the population? I am asking these questions because it is literally impossible to have everyone be happy, even in a compromise, both parties is not totally getting what they wanted. So, in my opinion, I think that the lawfulness of abortion should be left alone. It has been working fine, and although everyone is not happy, it is too controversial of a subject that should not be touched again.

ENGL WEEK 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ENGL WEEK 1 - Assignment Example The similarities of these two types of writings is that they both are effective when it comes to communicating something clear enough to the audience it is meant for (Ellis, et al, 45). The main similarity that they also tend to share is that they all require the competence in grammar for proper written communication. Due to official setting that both academic work and business work require, it is then necessary to deduce that there is requirement for the written communication to be competent in order to avoid issues that may arise regarding misinformation. There are also differences that can be pointed out as far as these two types of writings are concerned. The first is that students write with the purpose of learning whereby in business, writers has the intention to get work done. In scholarly material, the writing is done to demonstrate to which level learning has been accomplished whereby in business setting the writing is to prompt some sort of action to be undertaken by the relevant bodies concerned. The instructor prompts scholarly work whereas business writing is for the complex groups or people that correlate with the company in the likeness of the stakeholders. The content of business writing is based on the thesis of the work provided by the student instructor whereas the in business scenario only what is intended for the audience is included in writing and everything else is added in the

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Logistics - Essay Example Moreover, from the functionality perspective, logistics in business background can be technically termed as the backbone of every possible type of small or large scale business processes. This business actively supports the globalisation of production / manufacturing business, where one nation acts as manufacturer, whereas the other nation, act as procurer. The major functional aspect of logistics lay in ensuring the fact that the ordered goods get delivered to the customers within the set time frame and at acceptable conditions (Aveta Limited, 2014). Apart from the above discussed functionalities, the means of carrying out varied logical operations are also multiple. For instance, logistics operations can be carried out either in the domestic markets or at international levels. Large scale corporations utilise both types of logistics operations for commencing their functionalities. However, in a similar manner to that of the hospitality industry, the logistics industry also gets impacted by constantly changing economic scenario of the nations due to massive reliance on the utilisation of fuel. Thus slight change within the economic stability of a nation often results in bringing about huge distortions within the overall functionality of the corporations relating to logistics (PwC, 2014). Regardless of the above discussed facts, logistics industry can only perform well if the external surrounding environment projects favourably aid in attaining perceived objectives. Instances regarding multiple uncontrollable factors can be provided that subsequently hamper the effective functionality of logistics organisations. Once of such instances can be related to the inappropriateness of the transportation facilities within specific geographical areas. Situations related to inappropriate infrastructure development and increasing price of fuel often restricts the normal functionality pace of logistics sector. High restrictiveness within the

Phase 4 Discussion Board 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phase 4 Discussion Board 2 - Assignment Example This can only be achieved through motivated employees. Therefore, using my leadership, I feel it’s my responsibility to ensure that I befriend each and every employee, and strain to make the employees working environment as comfortable as possible to ensure efficiency. Given that Cokingtin is a small organization with less than 50 employees, then reaching each employee won’t be a difficult task for me. Note that befriending employees would not loosen my management roles of supervising and punishing non-performers. All this will be deemed at ensuring customer satisfaction, hence increase the number of customers, which will boost returns giving room for the firm’s growth, development and expansion. As mentioned earlier, I am experienced in offering health care services to patients through my vast knowledge in physiology and anatomy, than incorporated a lot of practical work. However, I realized that I perform better while in a team rather than as an independent nurse practitioner. For this reason, I advanced my leadership and management skills. I consider my capability to function in a team, analyzing other people’s opinions and letting them criticize mine a vital strength towards success in my job. Secondly, I have trained in various managerial aspects such as project management, organizational behavior principles, quality management. Most importantly, in the health sector, i adequate knowledge on economics of health care, global health systems, fiscal management in health care in addition to basic health care knowledge. Therefore, although this position is my first of its kind, my background knowledge especially in management and my ambitions towards the firm’s success make me fit to the position. Noteworthy, I have been sharing opinions with my colleagues when I was a medical assistant, always being a ringleader and creating discussion topics during tea breaks. As a matter of fact, these discussions made my colleagues open up and share

Problem In the Field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem In the Field - Essay Example According to Riley (2012)1, the main purpose of accounting is to report on entities’ financial position and to show the financial performance of an entity over a particular period. Accounting information has a wide scope of users. These users consist of shareholders, government, creditors, suppliers, customers, public, employers, competitors, investors and managers of a business or an organization. Due to its wide scope of users, accounting information plays an important role in influencing various business decisions made in industries, companies, government offices and business entities. Accounting process follows numbers of values that enable accounting information to be reliable and useful to users. The essential ethics in accounting include honesty and integrity, faithfulness and trustworthiness, dependability and reliance and ability to care for others (Connell, 2002). 2 Accounting provides many benefits to users in different areas of the economy in Today’s World. First, accounting information and knowledge is widely used in all job specialties. Auditors apply accounting techniques in studying financial statements in the process of evaluating integrity and accuracy of enterprises. Secretaries use accounting information in carrying out different tasks in their organizations. For example, secretaries manage check books and order statements in different companies using accounting knowledge. Executives also use accounting information in financial statements in judging performance and success of companies and organizations. Executives use accounting information in determining growth rates of their companies and the profit margin obtained. Accounting information and techniques are important for individual and personal benefits. Use of accounting information enables individuals to assess, manage and control personal finances adequately. In addition, individuals may apply accounting techniques and

A change in the way you deal with other people Essay - 1

A change in the way you deal with other people - Essay Example It is rare indeed of a person who does not respond in kind or in the same manner, an aberration. It is the purpose of this paper to examine and discuss the phenomenon of dealing with people. Social scientists who wanted to study the attitudes and behaviors of people previously faced a serious quandary on how to effect positive change in them. However, because nobody in effect exists in a vacuum, it is used as a foundation or starting point to improve peoples lives by making changes in how they deal with other people. This change in attitude has many practical applications, such as in schools, in workplaces and in fact, in the day-to-day affairs of all of us. A teacher who faces a recalcitrant student needs to have patience to achieve positive change in the said student by a series of positive reinforcements, so to speak. A word of encouragement, praise and coupled with genuine interest and empathy can achieve far greater things in the student than using threats such as reporting him or her to the principal and to the parents. Many entrepreneurs and successful businessmen realize that their continued success to a great deal depends on how they deal with their customers and other stakeholders. Honesty in all their dealings will cause their customers to patronize their products and services; it begets loyalty and favorable word-of-mouth free advertising. A businessman who cheats his clients can do such perhaps only once; sooner or later, customers will wise up and stop buying. In other words, there is a circular causality in how we deal with other people; some call it as the law of karma or to put it more simply, what goes around, comes around. The causality is the basis for patterns of human behavior that in turn leads to interpersonal cycles (Negele, Fricke & Schulz, 2000, p. 320). There is a feedback mechanism in these cycles, and depending on the nature of the feedback, can either be positive (virtuous) or negative (vicious), with shorter

Employee retention Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employee retention - Term Paper Example When an employee leaves the organization, he along with him also takes the knowledge, company policies, and strategies along with him to the competitor. Moreover, selecting another candidate and aligning him to company culture add another cost to the organization. Although the problem of employee retention has been in existence since a long time, the problem is getting grimmer and serious with time. In this context, it is important for companies to retain their employees. This has led to an increased interest in research in the area of Employee Retention. Employee retention is the set of tools, processes and techniques that HR managers shall use to encourage employees to be in the organization for maximum amount of time. The main objective of employee retention processes is to reduce the voluntary turnover. It is important to note that these are not just a set of HR practices but it also requires an understanding of the psyche of the employees and their interrelationships with their subordinates and managers. This paper does a literature review of the various research papers that have been published in this area. The research focusing on reasons on voluntary turnover by employees has mainly pointed out two categories of reasons: family (personal) reasons or professional reasons. Often, employees leaving the organization leave it because they do not find a fit between the organizational goals and their own goals. One of the propositions on why employees leave is based on the fact that employees are having a psychological contract with the organization where each has a set of expected outcomes from the other party. If an employee feels that the organization is not fulfilling its duty in terms of what it owes to the employee, he is more likely to quit the job (Vos and Megank, 2007). Job dissatisfaction among an employee may be the result of job stress, repetitive work, ambiguous role or excessive workload. Economic factors such as pay, rewards, bonuses

Discuss the positive and negative aspects of an ageing population,with Essay

Discuss the positive and negative aspects of an ageing population,with particular reference to your country - Essay Example Saudi Arabia is undoubtedly the largest oil producer in the world and the biggest company in the Middle East. It performs fairly well in other economic areas; for instance, its tourism sector flourishes with millions of tourists flocking some of its resorts for vacation and water sports especially due to the clear waters of the red sea. Their real Estate and construction sector is attractive as renting is becoming fairly rampant; the country owns gold mines in the South along the red sea and Bauxite and Phosphate in the North (Oxford Business Group 170). All the same its government’s major priority is to diversify its economy as it is currently heavily dependent on oil and gas. An ageing population consists of those 60 years and above.The huge gap between supply and demand initially in Saudi Arabia could be explained by the high population growth that took place in the country; in fact, it was at the time ranked to have a 46% higher birth rate than the world’s usual average population growth. This high population in Saudi Arabia was represented by an extremely young population; it is estimated that 70 % of its population were less than 30 years with 45% of this given bracket being under 15 years (Oxford Business Group 138). This translated into around 30% of the older population quite a small number; Initially between 2000 and 2005 the ageing population of 60 years and above declined in most Arab countries, Saudi Arabia Included; due to the high birth rate. However, recently there was a huge shift in events when in Saudi Arabia and other oil exporting countries such as United Arab Emirates such that the fertility and birth rate greatly declined resulting in an increase in the number of the ageing population (Gopal and Tikhvinsky 104).it is now estimated that by 2045, 15 % of the population will be aged as from 60 years and above due to the decline

Of Mice and Men - novel and film comparison Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men novel and film comparison Essay This is a comparison between Steinbeck’s original novel Of Mice and Men and the 1992 film version. I will be comparing the two beginnings, the presentation of Curley’s wife, and the treatment of a powerful scene. Of Mice and Men is one of those classic stories about friendship, loyalty, sacrifice and broken dreams. The 1992 film was directed by Gary Sinise, who also played the part of George Milton. This film was in fact the first film he had ever directed and I believe it to be very successful. The film follows the overall content of the novel, however, there are some key differences: The introduction to the film has two complete differences, the presentation of Curley’s wife, and also the treatment of a powerful scene, which will be focused on the ending. In the beginning of the Novel, it is set in Soledad. Steinbeck creates a very tranquil opening and gives the impression that it hasn’t been disrupted by human interference. ‘’On the sand bank under the trees the leaves lie deep and so crisp that a lizard makes a great skittering if he runs among them’’. However, even before the reader is introduced to the two protagonists, Steinbeck includes that this peaceful, animal inhabited area is frequently interrupted my humans. ‘’a path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranches to swim in the deep pool, and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down from the highway in the evening to jungle-up near water.’’ This quote shows that this has been a place humans have to for a long time. The use of the word’s ‘beaten hard’ is associated with a path which has been walked on for many years. This tells the reader that however peaceful the area may be, it has always been trespassed by humans. The animals react in fear due to the sound of footsteps mentioned again. This also suggests that the animals are not used to humans entering their little world and thus they hide away. ‘’The rabbits hurried noiselessly for cover. A stilted heron labored up into the air and pounded down river. For a moment the place was lifeless, and then two men emerged from the path and came into the opening by the green pool.’’ The description of George and Lennie’s entrance indicates that George appears to be in change. ‘’They had walked single file down the path, and even in the open, one stayed behind the other.’’ This shows the reader that there isn’t a close bond of friendship, but more of a leader and a follower, i.e. George being the leader, and Lennie the follower. The description of George and Lennie gives the reader a sense of their characters immediately. ‘’The first man was small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, strong hands, slender arms, a thin and bony nose.’’ This shows the reader that George is a man of intelligence and means business. Lennie’s description on the other hand is described as someone who is quite the opposite. ‘’Behind him walked his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders; and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. His arms did not swing at his sides, but hung loosely.’’ Lennie is described physically with a great use of animal imagery. This adds to the fact that Lennie does lack intelligence. In his description he indicates that Lennie is also someone in need of guidance and cannot think on his own accords which could conclude why George is with him. The beginning of the film is very different compared to the novel. It isn’t shown as peaceful at all. In fact the music used gives a great feeling of intensity and panic. When the piano is included with the rhythm of the violin, it adds a sense of hopelessness. There are notes played on a higher scale of the piano which insist a sense of innocence, however, nothing is suggesting happiness. The opening scene begins on a train with George sitting alone looking very strong in the darkness of the carriage. Although the train is very dark, beams of light shine through from gaps in the wooden walls. The scene is then changed to a much brighter atmosphere with a young woman running in a field in Weed – George and Lennie’s home town. However, music is still very fast and tense which prepares the audience again that this is a sad story. George and Lennie are being chased by men with guns on horseback. It is clear to the audience that George is in charge just by seeing that he is leading the way and telling Lennie what to do. We then see George and Lennie escape, sneaking onto the train and we hear the first convocation between George and Lennie which again indicates that George is in charge as he merely tells him to ‘’shh’’ and ‘’Go to sleep’’. Lennie responds with simple use of the English language which again shows the audience that he has some kind of disability. It’s quite ironic really because Lennie is in a very big character although he cries and depends on George for the majority of things. The incident in Weed is not running in a chronologically compared to the novel as we are introduced to the incident before we actually meet the characters. At the very beginning when we first see George, it is as if the incident in Weed is his memory and he is pondering on it as him and Lennie travel to their destination on the farm in Soledad. In the novel, the readers are introduced to the incident in Weed later on in the novel when George and Slim have a conversation on the Ranch. In the film, the audience is introduced to the Ranch with very country-like music which is fairly happy and uplifting compared to the musical piece the audience are introduced to at the very beginning. In the novel, Curley’s Wife is first mentioned through a conversation with George and Candy. Candy makes it seem like Curley’s Wife is a bit of a flirt before the reader is even introduced to her by saying that even though she is married she’s ‘got the eye’. However, although she isn’t exactly happy being with Curley, she just wants some attention. When the reader is introduced to her she is described wearing very a rather lot of makeup. ‘’She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red.’’ Curley’s Wife wears a lot of red. Red is seen as the most intense colours and is very noticeable. The fact that she wears a lot of red indicates that she wants to be noticed. ‘’She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers.’’ As she lives on a farm, she is not really dressed appropriately for the wife of a rancher. However, Curley ignores Curley’s Wife so it is of no surprise that she is wearing things to attract the other men on the farm. Her body language insists that she is very provocative as if she is tempting the men to go after her. ‘She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward.’ Lennie is very much attracted to her although George and the other men are not. This kind of suggests that Lennie will have something to with her although not in a sense of sexual nature, but similar to the same incidence in Weed where Lennie was accused of attempting rape towards the girl running away when he was only caught up in stroking her dress that he would not let go. In section four of the novel, there is a part where Curley’s Wife enters looking for Curley although in the film this was left out. Perhaps to ensure that Curley’s Wife was wanted to be seen by Gary Sinise as someone who needed sympathy from the audience. During this part of the novel, Curley’s Wife describes her relationship with Curley. ‘’Sure I gotta husban’. You all seen him. Swell guy, aint he? Spends all his time sayin’ what he’s gonna do to guts he don’t like, and he don’t like nobody. Think I’m gonna stay in that two-by-four house and listen how Curley’s gonna lead with his left twice and then bring in the ol’ right cross?’’ This creates a lot of sympathy towards Curley’s Wife as she is obviously rejected by Curley to the point where she isn’t even properly included. The fact that as the reader, we don’t even know her name also suggests that she is unimportant towards Curley and the other characters. Crooks quickly turns on Curley’s Wife insisting that she leaves, however, she has a lot of power over him considering she’s white and back then, black people were simply just slaves and were resented by a lot of people. Knowing that, Crooks backs down almost to a point where he is leaning against the wall. ‘’Listen Nigger/ You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? †¦ Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny.’’ This is practically the only time that Curley’s Wife has some kind of power over someone, and because he is treated no better than an animal as he lives next to the barn where all the animals are and not even in a properly built home, more of a shed, suggests that Curley’s Wife only really has power, or a chance to step in on her own accords is towards Crooks. Section five is where Curley’s Wife initially dies due to her trust, and lack of self control in Lennie. Steinbeck has been implying that Curley’s Wife was just really an innocent young woman and all the makeup was just an act for attention. ‘’the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young.’’ Again the amount of makeup she had on makes her look as if she were still alive ‘’Now her roughed cheeks and her reddened lips made her seem alive and sleeping very lightly.’’ In the film, the audience are introduced to her again like in the novel looking for Curley. She is dressed in a pink floral dress unlike in the novel where she is wearing mostly red. However she is wearing red lipstick although her eyes are not heavily made up but it is noticeable that she is wearing eye makeup. It is clear that she is not wearing heels because the sounds of her foot steps are quite bold. Compared to the book she is a lot less provocative but the way she speaks to the men on the farm is very flirtatious and her body language is very suggestive, for example she pushes her chest forward and places her hands on her hips which could insinuate her wanting more than just somebody to talk to, although we know she just wants somebody to talk to. When Curley’s Wife leaves, George’s immediate response is towards Lennie is for him to stay away from her due to the incident in Weed. There are three added scenes featured in the film. These were most likely included to show the audience how Curley’s Wife has no sympathy or consideration from the other men at the barn and how Curley himself treats his wife with little consideration. The barn scene, being the first added scene is where we see George taking a tired out horse back to the barn where he also encounters Curley’s Wife. The way she talks to George is very flirtatious and almost as if she is leading him on, however she then goes on about how she wants somebody to talk to her because Curley himself doesn‘t give her any attention and is undoubtedly trying to better himself compared to the other men, thus why he picks on Lennie, who is a lot taller than him and certainly much more stronger. The second added scene is The Speed Ball Scene where we see Curley punching away at the speed ball. This could have been added to enhance the audiences awareness that he is constantly aggressive and obsessed with fighting. Curley’s Wife is sat levelled above Curley with no body around and is clearly very lonely and extremely bored. With all the men working on the farm in the background, and Curley, although not working himself, is still not giving his wife a second thought. This is a clear indication that Curley’s Wife is isolated on the ranch and I think it emphasises the description given about her dead body in section 5 of the novel where underneath all of the makeup and desperate attempts for some attention, she was merely just a sweet, innocent and lonely girl. The final added scene in the film is The Broken Record Scene. She is wearing no makeup and obviously had been crying and is completely on her own. She vents about what had happened Curley got aggressive and smashed all of her four records therefore not being able to play them which reminds the audience of Curley‘s violent nature. The reaction is pitiful and it is obvious that nobody taking any consideration for her. Curley’s Wife then runs off saying that if she ran away no one would miss her etc which could be suggesting her death. All of the added scenes help to enhance the audience’s awareness from the beginning of the film that Curley’s Wife should be seen in a very sympathetic perspective and this is not clear in the novel until Steinbeck’s description of her dead body. A very good example of a powerful scene would be the very ending of both the novel and the film. In the novel, Steinbeck sets the scene for the ending which takes place in Salinas River. He describes the surroundings beautifully and authentically just like in the beginning of the novel which creates a very peaceful image for the reader. ‘’The deep green pool of the Salinas River was still in the late afternoon. Already the sun had left the valley to go climbing up the slopes of the Gabilan mountains, and the hilltops were rosy in the sun.’’ Nevertheless, the peaceful scene is spoiled even before the arrival of Lennie as Steinbeck creates an image that suggests death and readies the reader for what is about to unfold. ‘’A silent head and beak lanced down and plucked it out by the head, and the beak swallowed the little snake while its tail waved frantically.’’ As Lennie arrives he begins to have two hallucinations which are not shown in the film. The first hallucination is of his Aunt Clara and through the conversation brought about by Lennie’s imagination, his greatest fears are revealed. George’s reaction to what Lennie has done and the fact that Lennie has no real understanding of the seriousness of what he has done, which enhances his guilt feeling because he knows that he has disappointed George. The conversation then leads on to Aunt Clara making him feel even more guilty because George has done so much for Lennie and all he does is give him grief when George could do so much more without him. Lennie’s second hallucination is of a rabbit. This is could be a symbol of Lennie’s childlike nature and how the only real bad thing he can think of is how George will not allow him to look after the rabbits and the fact that he will now leave him. The conversation with the rabbit could also show how Lennie is very naà ¯ve and is convinced George will not leave him or get mad. The novel and the film are very similar as far as the conversation between George and Lennie are concerned. In the novel, it is prolonged to gradually build up tension for the reader when they realise that George is going to shoot Lennie. When he finally does, it is clear that this has traumatised George and is a very dreadful thing for George to undergo. ‘’George shivered and looked at the gun, and then he threw it from him, back up on the bank, near the pile of old ashes.’’ George is comforted by Slim and is taken for a drink. However, the reader is reminded of the ignorance by society as they are blinded by what George has just had to go through, which ends the novel. Then ending of the film is very sad. Lennie is found and comforted by George’s voice and soon by ‘The American Dream’ which is referred to several times throughout the film. The audience are unaware of what is about to happen as when George finally shoots Lennie it is very sudden. The music, played at the beginning of the film is again brought back, which is very touching and adds for a great effect to what has just occurred. Instead of the hallucinations Lennie’s fears are brought into the convocation between him and George and are much shorter than in the novel. In the novel, it begins and ends at the Salinas River where as in the film it begins and ends with George sat on the train. Just like at the beginning, there are flash backs, but this time of George and Lennie together. This indicates that George has spent the majority of his time with Lennie and they had a very brotherly relationship. The flash backs could imply George being deeply upset due to t he fact he has killed his best friend.

Central and Eastern Europe Environmental Issues Essay Example for Free

Central and Eastern Europe Environmental Issues Essay Eastern Europe’s environmental problems are not as simple as they may seem on the surface. The environmental problems that face Eastern Europe are complicated by political, economic, and social implications. The current environmental problems are a bi-product of rapid industrial expansion under a socialist government. The soviet government was more concerned with surpassing the western cultures in technology and military might than the environmental damage they were doing to their country. The following paragraphs will address the current environmental problems facing Eastern Europe, the various solutions to the environmental problems, and the efforts taken to correct the environmental problems. Environmental Problems in Europe Eastern Europe during the 1980s had rapidly become the industrial giant for the Soviet Union. Massive industrial factories would be built throughout the eastern bloc of the Soviet Union and the factories used obsolete technology to provide the industrial needs of the country. The heavy industrial activity characteristic of the post-World War II period took a heavy toll on both the regions population and its environmentâ€Å"(U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010). Various local populations were suffering from high rates of cancer, respiratory issues, and infant mortalities. The environments in the areas around the industrial regions were also being damaged on unprecedented levels. Legacy of Pollution According to the U. S.  Environmental Protection Agency (2010), The outmoded, energy-intensive technologies were such an integral part of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and New Independent States of the former Soviet Union (NIS) regions economy in the post-war era not only wasted resources, but also caused severe local, regional, and trans-boundary pollution problems. Not only was the industrial technology outdated, the communication among the post-war government, local governments, and various environmental ministries was ripe with secrecy and non-communication between each other. The results would prove to be catastrophic pollution of the air, surface water, soil, ground water, marine zones, and coastal areas. Air Pollution Air pollution in Eastern Europe is the top concern because of the levels of sulfur dioxide found in all the industrial areas. High levels of sulfur dioxide exposure can lead to asthmatic children and adults, respiratory illness, decreased lung defenses, and worsening of existing cardiovascular diseases. When Sulfur Dioxide is exposed to rain it creates acid rain and raises the acidity level of everything it touches such as soil, lakes, and streams. Buildings corrode faster and there is also a reduction in visibility. Water Pollution Agricultural and industrial practices were causing large spread water pollution because of outdated waste regulation practices and no environmental regulation. According to Liroff (1990), Drinking-water supplies throughout Eastern Europe are heavily contaminated. Vast reaches of the Vistula River in Poland, which drains much of the country, are classified as unfit for use even by industry. The Baltic and Black Sea coasts are badly degraded by domestic sewage, agricultural run-off, and heavy metals and organic pollutants from industry. The Eastern Europe governments have been slow to implement solutions to purify the drinking water in the various regions. Soil Pollution Samples of produce from upper Poland have yielded 30 to 70 higher percentages of cadmium, lead, zinc and mercury then acceptable levels listed by the World Health Organization. The high percentages of these heavy materials indicate how polluted the soil is in the upper polish regions. In Hungary alone, waste generators dispose of more than 500,000 tons waste found in illegal landfills. The local government has trouble tracking any kind of waste transportation and disposal due to obsolete tracking processes, and because not all waste is indicated as waste before being disposed of. Eastern Europe is wreaked with not only environmental problems, but also with government, and local government problems also. The good news is that there are viable solutions to the environmental problems that the Eastern Europe countries are having. Viable Environmental Solutions The environmental problems that face Central and Eastern Europe are much the same as any other country in the world with one exception, the proximity of the environmental hazards. Most countries in the world deal with environmental hazards, but the hazards are spread out over different parts of the country. Central and Eastern Europe are unique when it comes to environmental disasters because Central and Eastern Europe was the industrial might behind the soviet military. For every environmental disaster Central and Eastern Europe faces, there is a viable solution thanks to modern technology and proven environmental regulations. Possible environmental solutions Because of the vast environmental disasters throughout Central and Eastern Europe there are several possible environmental solutions. The possible environmental solutions that Central and Eastern Europe are considering will be decided by the cost of the solution, ease of implementation, and consultation from environmental agencies such as the United States Environmental Agency. Even with the various economic, governmental agency communication problems, and various ecological disasters Central and Eastern Europe have a number of viable solutions. Air Pollution Solutions One of the possible remedies for air quality in Europe would be to switch to burning low sulfur coal. When coal is burned, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury compounds are released. For that reason, coal-fired boilers are required to have control devices to reduce the amount of emissions that are released. The amount of sulfur oxides produced by power can be reduced by using coal with low amounts of sulfur present. Another possible air solution would be to use scrubbers. Scrubbers are an air pollution control system that removes pollutants from the air stream they are most commonly used to help control the emissions of sulfur into our air. There are a few types of scrubber, Air scrubbers, wet scrubbers, and gas scrubbers are differentiated by the manner in which they remove gases and particulates from the air; either wet or dry. Wet scrubbers literally wash dust and particles out of the air. Exhaust air is forced into a spray chamber, where fine water particles cause the dust to drop from the air stream. The dust-laden water is then treated to remove the solid material and is often re-circulated. Dry scrubbers are used more commonly with acid gases. The pollutant is collected on or in a solid or liquid material, which is injected into the gas stream. A dry scrubber produces a dry product that must be collected downstream from this control device. Water Pollution Solutions One of the many possible water pollution solutions would be aeration. Aerating is the process to bring river water at the bottom of rivers up to the surface so that the entire river is oxygenated by the atmosphere surface to bottom. They can do this by pumping air into bodies of water at the very bottom. On the other hand Central and Eastern Europe could use more wastewater treatment plants these types of plants would drastically help the water quality in Central and Eastern Europe by removing harmful bacteria’s, animal wastes and pollutants and then recycling the clean water back into their system.. Soil Pollution Solutions There are many different types of soil pollution that hurt the environment and by treating Sewage before dumping wastes would cut back on many of the current environmental issues. Spraying pesticides may be good for the crops but it’s destroying the soil and the drain off into the water system is affected by this as well. Cutting down on the usage of fossil fuels would create less solid waste and harmful gasses that may seep into the soil. Eastern Europe needs to adapt to more of these possible solutions. Using low sulfur coals, Scrubbers and limestone in the remedies of air pollution would set a chain reaction in the environment the water would then become cleaner along with the soil. These remedies may not fix the issue completely for Eastern Europe, but it would help them greatly. Efforts to correct  Central and Eastern Europe have been left untouched since the end of the Nazi/German rule and the fall of the Great Berlin Wall on November 9th, 1989. Many of the people living in such a terrible environment still struggle every day to survive, but it is not a war against other countries it has turned into an environmental war and one that is near impossible for them to win without help. As with most all larger countries around the world Eastern and Central Europe are suffering from the same types of environmental issues but, in their case they do not have the means that we do in order to make the necessary changes that they need. Practical and low cost solutions need to be the wave of the future and used as often as possible. The problems need to be prioritized based on the highest health risk and the surrounding public will be educated and involved in its’ own environmental decision making. AIR- Airborne pollution is said to be one of the greatest environmental risks identified in the region. There is a large amount of sulfur dioxide found in the air, it comes from several different places but are byproducts of several different types of older industrial facilities like the old coal burning power plants that used to be found there (EPA). The United states are one of the few countries in which it is a law for vehicle owners to participate in an annual emissions test. The Czech government however has accelerated its’ efforts in cleaning the air pollution through it $240 million project that will assist its residents in converting homes from coal to natural gas in hopes to subsidize conversion costs (EPA). Along with this local agencies in many areas lack the equipment needed to assess and identify local problems so the Krakow Air Monitoring project. This project is under the supervision of the EPA and the Polish environmental experts are working together to identify and measure the major sources of industrial, residential and vehicle emissions testing (EPA). Along with such a huge problem facing the countries the EPA has also transferred some very low-cost techniques to help them out. Water pollution- Along with clean air there is the Krakow Water and Wastewater Improvement project, the idea here is to provide safe drinking water to city residents. Most people are drinking from contaminated drinking sources, especially those outside of the city limits. The idea here is not only to decontaminate the water before it is consumed, but to attack the problem at the source and to educate the people of the possible affects that waste dumping in unsecure facilities can have on them and their families. The Krakow project as a result installed modern ozonation and chlorination equipment that in turn disinfected the drinking water of 400,000 residents in the area. It also focused on the improvement the forming of the Raba River Watershed Association as well as focusing on the agricultural runoff into local streams and rivers (EPA). In addition to this a team of EPA, Wisconsin, and Latvian environmental managers have also come up with a solution to protect supplies of future ground water in Daugavplis, this is where the national ground water protection strategy is based. Solid and Hazardous Waste- All types of waste needs to be dumped somewhere and the most contaminated solid waste sites are often found on military bases in Eastern Europe. They can be found on active or former military base cites, these are still dumping cites. Children in these areas are affected the most and are still being diagnosed with very high blood-lead levels, due to these case studies the EPA has provided special equipment and training to local officials to assess possible impacts of lead exposure. Due to such high levels of exposure in certain areas additional support has been provided by Romanian officials to assist areas in the cleanup of contaminated soil, the Czech Council of Ministers even committed to assist the cleanup of future development cites by approving $40 million to get started, this is called Project Selesia. This is not the only cleanup plan in effect there is also the Solid Waste Policy Demonstration Project, this idea helps to train local communities in the proper way to carry out more effective policies of cleaning and recycling waste. Pilot programs include the construction of new sanitary landfills, the cleanup of existing landfills, curbside recycling, are probably the most important public outreach programs taking place (EPA). Technology Transfer- the EPA has also helped with the development of a geographic information system (GIS), this system helps to track different trends that occur over time. The GIS is a computer-based mapping system that over time will store and track other environmental information that identifies pollution source and tracks it over time. This system will help the public become more informed and promote better decision making (EPA). The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Manage ment Project is yet one more idea that is hoped to assist different storage areas of nuclear material in a quick-turnaround of radiochemistry data in case of any future leaks and potential disasters. To be able to assist such tracking a mobile radioecology laboratory was created by the EPA along with the United Nations Development Program and USAID, have provided the Ukraine with possibly one of the world’s best equipped mobile radiation monitoring laboratories. This lab is monitored by both the EPA project team and Ministry officials have since been conducting on-site contamination assessments of potential public health threats all around the country (EPA).

Monitoring Meeting the Needs of Customers

Monitoring Meeting the Needs of Customers Task 1 a) Describe the different type of customers in your selected organisation, identify their needs and expectations External customers are those who purchase the product through the distributors and require after sales service either through the regular servicing of the cars or when the car does not meet their expectations through mechanical breakdown. The Mercedes-Benz product is targeted at the executive level and high standards are expected as the company has a â€Å"reputation for quality, value retention and prestige† (Mercedes-Benz 2004, p. 1). They have highlighted a desire to gain more of the fleet car market and have researched the needs and expectations of the fleet managers and found that the concept of depreciation is more important to them than the initial cost of the car (Mercedes-Benz 2004). Mercedes-Benz has introduced an incentive system for fleet managers to encourage them to purchase from the company. This includes offering a wide range of potential products and a choice in how the financial incentives are paid. In addition to the fleet managers, Mercedes-Benz also supplies individuals. In many ways, their needs will be similar to the fleet managers but, as they themselves will be the end user, their specific needs have to be identified and fulfilled. Mercedes-Benz fulfils this through the promotion of their brand as a status symbol. Mercedes-Benz also markets vans and offer a comprehensive package to allow customers to add additional features to their van during manufacture to ensure it will be able to meet their exact needs. Since 1992, they have also offered a database of used Mercedes-Benz vans for sale which assists the existing customers in selling their vehicle and attracts new ones into Mercedes-Benz ownership. The concept of internal customers includes the employees. Mercedes-Benz offers a comprehensive apprenticeship system to its technician and parts specialists which includes training programmes carried out at the new Mercedes-Benz National Apprentice Academy leading to nationally recognised qualifications. They believe their scheme is â€Å"one of the best apprenticeship training schemes in the UK† (Mercedes-Benz website). Mercedes-Benz sell their products through a series of dealerships as these can also be classed as internal customers. The dealerships need the support of the parent company to be able to provide what they have agreed with the customer. Mercedes-Benz must ensure it has a good, open relationship with it’s dealerships as the relationship is of mutual benefit. b) Give example of how this organisation ensure that their customer receive accurate and reliable information about their services? The Mercedes-Benz group market their product through a range of dealerships each of whom is allowed a large degree of autonomy in how they operate. They are supported by Mercedes-Benz through their website, probably the first port of call for an individual contemplating purchasing one of their cars. The parent company also offers advice and guidance to their distributors and provides practical support in terms of finance package options. On the main company website there is the facility to locate the nearest dealership to the potential customer. These dealerships also have their own websites where the customer can find the information they require or contact the dealership to make enquiries. The employees responsible to dealing with customer queries have extensive training on an ongoing basis to ensure their knowledge is current. c) How does this organisation measure how successful their customer services is? Each of the dealerships is able to introduce their own system of measuring customer satisfaction. A common method used is that of collecting feedback. The Inchcape dealership, for example, has â€Å"robust processes (to) ensure every customer is contacted following their visit, and the feedback is used daily to improve and enhance the quality of their service delivery where necessary† (Inchcape 2006, p. 1). Mercedes-Benz has a range of Key Performance Indicators which cover areas such as sales, customer satisfaction levels and service performance which each dealership is required to report on at regular intervals. Task 2 Sticking with the organisation that you are already familiar with, carry out further investigation and illustrate five things that are going well and three that are not going so well. to do this Successful techniques include monitoring sales levels, having people dedicated to the collection and collation of customer service data, incentives for individuals to provide outstanding customer service and a strategy of providing a consistent level of service through using a dedicated call centre. Improvements that could be made are offering a free call number for customer comments and the introduction of a nationwide customer satisfaction incentive. It would also be beneficial to obtain feedback from people who expressed an interest in buying the product but did not make a purchase to determine why they did not make a purchase and to identify how a sale could be secured in the future. a) Explain how monitoring and evaluating of customer services is carried out. Mercedes Benz express a high level of commitment to providing outstanding customer service and have introduced several initiatives and projects to encourage this. These include â€Å"regular staff CSI (Customer Satisfaction Indicators) meetings, introducing customer service objectives, CSI league tables, and reward and recognition schemes for all employees† (Inchape 2006). Data is also collected from the call centre. b) How has this improved the service for the customer, the organisations own prospects and for its employees? Customer service has improved as any issues can be identified and corrected at an early stage, thereby ensuring that future customers receive an ever-increasing service level. Trends can also be seen and proactively managed. The Mercedes-Benz organisation relies both keeping current customers and attracting new business. By developing a good reputation for their customers service levels, people are more likely to buy their product. This increases the sales and profitability for the business which benefit’s the employees as it gives them job security and provides a good benefits package. c) Make constructive comments or suggestions of what improvement that can be made for the future. As the Mercedes-Benz business operates through a series of dealerships, it would be of benefit for there to be more interaction between the dealerships. Whilst currently Mercedes-Benz itself consolidates the information and shares it between dealerships, it would be useful for the dealerships to be able to speak to each other more directly to discuss specific points as there may be different expectations in different geographical areas. Task 3 Now customer services is crucial to the survival of most organisation. Most organisations have invested a lot of money in making sure that they get this right. a) What strategies have been used by your organisation to display a confidential approach when delivering customer service to their customer? (Confidential)All customer information is kept confidential with access only being allowed to those who need it to be able to do their jobs. The information is held on a computer database which is password protected. (Confident) The employees of the business, especially those dealing directly with potential new customers must be confident and competent in their role. To ensure this happens, they are given extensive training in presentation and communication skills and are also made aware of the numerous benefits of the product to be able to answer any questions the potential customer may have. The employees are encouraged to have a belief in the product that it is a high quality, status symbol. b) Explain why presenting, interpersonal and communication skills are important in delivering effective service to customers The person dealing with the customer directly must be able to project the right image for the company. As the target market for Mercedes-Benz is at the executive level, they expect a professional approach from the company’s representatives. Their role may involve a mixture of providing factual information, advice and descriptions and must be done in a manner which promotes a sale. The individual needs to be able to present information clearly and in a manner appropriate to their audience. They also need to use interpersonal skills to assist them to develop a form of relationship with the customer to be able to ensure they can tailor their message to that specific person and to make the customer feel at ease. As well as being competent in providing the information the customer requires, they need to be able to do it in a way that is tailored to the person to whom they are speaking and have good listening skills to listen carefully to questions and comments from the customer. Th ey also need to have knowledge of non verbal communication such as body language and be able to use techniques to overcome barriers to communication. Task 4 a) Focusing on two groups of key external which is the customer and maybe distributors and the internal customer which is the employee and the organisation of this organisation, analyse and evaluate how the organisation anticipates and meets the needs of these customers in range of situations. The customer’s needs are fulfilled in several ways and Mercedes-Benz prides itself on being able to offer additional services beyond those offered by their competitors. One example of this is the efficient record keeping service they have for regular maintenance of the vehicle which enables reminders to be sent to customers and ensures the quick diagnosis of ongoing problems. This is known as the ASSYST (Active Service System) which advises the owner when a service is due. A further example is the provision of an â€Å"end of life† service. There are strict legal requirements as to how a motor vehicle can be disposed of and Mercedes-Benz offer a free service to their customers providing the â€Å"certificate of destruction† that is required by law. Mercedes-Benz constantly reviews the car market and is able to develop it’s range to ensure it meets the needs of the consumer. They also identify new markets which may be available to them. 80% of the Mercedes-Benz service centres operate for 24 hours a day Monday to Friday thus providing a better level of service for their customers (Mercedes-Benz website). The dealerships are given full support by Mercedes-Benz to allow them to be able to market the product successfully. Mercedes-Benz has a good relationship with their dealerships which allows them to be able to communicate openly and share any concerns or ideas. Mercedes-Benz ensures all it’s employees have the skills necessary to be proficient in their job by providing on-going training and development. Where possible these programmes lead to nationally recognised qualifications thereby allowing the individuals to develop their careers elsewhere should there be no opportunities for them within the organisation. Mercedes-Benz ensures it can provide a competitive benefits package to it’s employees helping not only to retain the high calibre employees but also to attract new ones. This strategy extends throughout the business rather than just being limited to those who have direct customer contact. b) Analyse using example, how effective customer service benefits the customers, the organisation and its employees The ASSYST system allows the customer to be able to plan the periods when their vehicle requires regular servicing and this allows them to make better use of their time. This also benefits Mercedes-Benz themselves as they can plan their workloads more efficiently if the customers plan and book their servicing in early. This further benefits the employees as their workload is more consistent and easier to manage. Through identifying the specific needs of the fleet managers, Mercedes-Benz believe that the fleet manager’s organisations will be able to attract and retain higher quality executives by offering them a Mercedes-Benz company car. This benefits Mercedes-Benz and their employees through higher sales and greater profitability. All the initiatives designed to improve customer service will additionally benefit the organisation and it’s employees as greater customer satisfaction will lead to more repeat business and new customers and this increases sales and profitability. A business that is growing and profitable is able to offer it’s employees a greater level of job security, better prospects in terms of career advancement and training and an attractive and competitive pay and benefits package. References. Inchcape. (2006). Inchcape Receive top Customer Service Awards Accolade. Accessed at: http://www.inchcape.co.uk/PressDetail.aspx?Documentid=98 on 22/02/07. Mercedes-Benz. (2004). Mercedes-Benz Not Just Executive Cars Anymore. In Business Briefing: Exploration and Production. The Oil and Gas Review 2004. Accessed at: http://www.touchbriefings.com/pdf/951/mercedes_tech.pdf on 22/02/07. Mercedes-Benz. (Date not given). Accessed at: http://www2.mercedes-benz.co.uk on 22/02/07

Use Of Symbolism In The Catcher In The Rye and The Great Gatsby Essay

Use Of Symbolism In â€Å"The Catcher In The Rye† and â€Å"The Great Gatsby† There are many writers like James Joyce, Patrick Kananach and Thomas Moore who use symbolism to convey and support indirect meaning in their writings. J.D. Salinger and F. Scott Fitzgerald both use symbolism in similar ways. In both â€Å"The Catcher In The Rye† and â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, the authors used symbolism to convey emotions and reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Catcher In The Rye†, J.D. Salinger uses Holden’s red hunting cap, the exhibits at the Museum of Natural History and â€Å"kings in the back row† as symbols whose meanings help tell the story. Holden’s red hunting hat stands for Holden’s disapproval of adult society and phonies. Although, Holden and his hat are out of place in New York, he loves this hat because it demonstrates his difference and independence from other kids his age. He becomes more and more attached to his hat because he feels like a catcher in the rye when he wears the hat. Holden cannot let go of his hat, like he cannot let go of his childhood. The Museum of Natural History is used to signify Holden’s fear of change. Holden enjoys looking at the mummies and the exhibits at the museum because they never change and are frozen in time. Holden realizes that he changes every time he goes back and sees the exhibits, but the exhibits do not change. He wishes that his childhood world would last forever like his exhibits. Salinger also uses the setting of New York City as a symbol. Although H...

Serotonin Receptors and Transport Essay -- Prozac Medical Neurology Es

Serotonin Receptors and Transport Being that Fluoxetine (commercial name Prozac) basically functions as a selective reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitter serotonin, some discussion of this transmitter is needed before its reuptake inhibition can be addressed. Serotonin (5 hydroxytrytophan or 5HT, for short) is synthesized from the precursor amino acid tryptophan through the enzyme action of tryptophan hydroxylase (Abelson & Andrews,1997,p.794). This synthesis process occurs in the terminal boutons and the serotonin is contained in vesicles awaiting release when an action potential opens the calcium gates in the presynaptic terminal. Calcium flowing through the gate adheres to the vesicle membrane and to the terminal membrane causing the vesicle to rupture and release the transmitter across the synaptic gap (Kalat,2004,p.61). Serotonin has multiple receptor types and subtypes that are linked to many diverse neurological functions. Beginning in the 1970’s, radioligand techniques identified two broad categories of receptors, namely types 5-HT1 and 5-HT2, however, research has since identified another twelve types and associated subtypes bringing the current total to fourteen: 5HT1a,b,d,e,f, 5HT2a,b,c 5HT3, 5HT4, 5HT5a,b 5HT6, and 5HT7 (numbered suffixes represent types, lettered suffixes are subtypes). These serotonin receptor types vary by location within the brain, e.g., the highest density of 5HT1A receptors a found in the hippocampus and dorsal raphe nucleus, whereas the highest concentration of 5-HT2 sites are found in the medial prefrontal cortex (Abelson et al. 1997,p.794). Once released into the synaptic gap, serotonin is not broken down by... ... membrane (Williams et al,1998,p.3291). The exact mechanism for the inhibition is not, as yet, fully understood, however, a more complete chemical analysis of the likely processes is provided in the preceding section entitled â€Å"Specific Chemical Mechanisms.† References Abelson, J., & Andrews, P.(Eds.)(1997). Encyclopedia of Human Biology. San Diego, CA: Academy Press. Adelman, G. (Ed.)(1987). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (Vol.2). Boston: Birkhauser. Kalat, J. W. (2004). Biological Psychology (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thompson-Wadsworth. Siegel, G.J., Agranoff, B.W., Albers, R.W., & Molinoff, P.B. (1994). Basic neurochemistry (5th ed.). New York: Raven Press. Shepherd, G.M. (1994). Neurobiology (3rd ed.). London: Oxford University Press. Williams, S., & Mauro, S. (1998). European journal of neuroscience, 10(10),3288-3295.

education reform Essay -- essays research papers fc

Education Reform  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Education reform means to make education better by removing faults and defects. True educators are always thinking of more effective ways to enhance and democratize the way children learn. With the continuous change of growing population, economics, culture, family, and global communication, there has to be continuous educational reforms to keep the society abreast with these changes. One of education’s early reformers is John Dewey. Dewey operated and experimental school where he wanted â€Å"to discover in administration, selection of subject matter, methods of learning teaching, and discipline, how a school could become a cooperative community while developing in individuals their own capacities and identifying their own needs.† (Dewey’s Laboratory School page XII) another education, Harold Howe II in his book â€Å"Thinking about Our Kids,† reiterates that families and communities are as important as schools in the education of our children. He also ta lks about the need for new approaches to financing schools, more attention to changing classroom routine in particular, and for better understanding of, and respect for the many races and cultures that make up our society. Regardless of the era in which education reform is thought of, the number one priority is the children. Although Dewey’s’ experiment was done over a century ago, the lessons learned then can apply in today’s world. Children are the same, they go through the same stages of development and must learn how to solve some kind of problems if they are to live in the world of today. The country is bursting at its seams with the population growth. With the growth comes a very diverse group of people. People migrate with their culture. Language has become one of the many barriers in the prevention of literacy. When our mentors wrote or planned school reform, the rate of population growth was not as rapid it is now. Migrants then tried to learn the languages spoken in their new land. Today we have programs to foster children who do not have English as their first language, but are these programs successful?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of the students are taught in their first language (usually Spanish) but then have to sit the standardized state examination in the English langua ge. This situation could be termed as â€Å"unexpected difficulties an... ...pport Act of 1988† but this too is plague by limited finding. If education reform is to be successful, these programs must be viable. If is of paramount importance that education reform is need especially in this era. We are in a changing world and we must improve our educational standards to compete on the world market. The United States of America is a wealthy nation therefore it must spend more on educating its young. Politics and politician should be removed from planning and governing the education system. This should be in the hands of educators. It is unforgivable that our leaders has allowed United States of America to have one third of its population illiterate and spends less on education than other nations that are not as wealthy. Classroom teachers should be able to be more flexible in adjusting the standards to fulfill the needs of the students, instead of teaching (drilling) the children to past standardized examinations. Bibliography Howe Harold II 1993 Thinking About Ours Kids. An Agenda for American Education. Kozol Jonathan 1985 Illiterate America Tanner Laurel N. 1997 Dewey’s Laboratory School Lessons for Today

Mormon Sub-Culture

The Mormon can be understood by taking a critical review on their values institution norms and artic-facts [1].   According to the Mormon their value the importance of a family, the reverence of God as well as the appearance of the teaching as taught in the book of Mormons. To the Mormons all that seems important to them is their interconnectedness to God. The Mormons value the relationships they maintain with the outside world.   According to them, it is how well they relate with the outside world that will attract more converts to their belief. The norms of the Mormons are very different from that of the mainstream churches.   The Mormons dress and carry themselves around differently.   They have very high expectations of how the society should carry out their affairs. For instance the Mormons would not attend any other religious celebration apart from those strictly recommended for in their religion. According to the Mormons they have laws, which regulate their conduct and determine what is wrong and what is right.   In other words the culture of the Mormons significantly varies from that of other cultures.   According to the Mormons, material possessions and wealth is not very important but what matters is the relationship one has with God. The Mormons have some ideological settings as well as sociological settings that are different from those other cultures.   While the Mormons do not have strong attachment to material things, they have a single way of looking at things, which is different from other cultures.   They have some symbols, which they adore and hold dear to them. for instance, they have the symbol of the cross which they value for they see it as their link to their faith. The Mormons have their kind of music, which defines their belief in worship.   For instance, they do not advocate for the use of musical instruments for they hold that as a way of distracting the attention from worship.   They have their own legacy of commitment, which leads them to view service to God as very crucial. For instance, the Mormon culture calls for a special code of dress for the men, which is aimed at separating them from common cultures.   Their distinct behaviour and belief in the Book of Mormons is a clear attribution of their special sub-culture.   The Mormons do not ascribe to nationalism and they distance themselves from political affairs. According to Mormons the way one interacts with the surrounding world goes a long way in determining the kind and quality of life one is likely to lead. Mormons have a special way of treating members of other religious beliefs.   According to them, anyone can convert to Mormon despite their colour, sex or socio-economic status.  Ã‚   Mormon culture is therefore defined by their commitment to the religion, the distinct code of dressing, the distinct way of talking as well as the distinct manner of reaching out to others. Spirituality is given prominence in Mormonism while Mysticism is less emphasized[2].   Unlike other cultures, the Mormon culture is more spiritual oriented and this makes the life of a Mormon worshipper revolve around the temple, the home and the Mormon community[3].   According to the Mormons, there is nothing wrong with the way other people carry themselves differently but the question is, whether that conduct is in line with the preaching of the Book of Mormons. The Mormons hold the view that paganism is evil and there is no room for it.   Another interesting characteristic of the Mormon sub-culture is the place women are given in the religion. According to the Mormons, women should play a less important role in the running of the church.   Mormons is largely a male-dominated religion, which holds that man is superior to the woman. To the Mormons the woman’s place in the church is considered as that of offering support to enable the spread of their faith.   It therefore emerges that Mormons differ significantly from other mainstream churches in that they have not welcomed the emancipation of the woman.   The Mormons have succeeded in advancing their way of thinking and for centuries have stood up against pressure of influence and calls for the sub-culture to conform to conventional wisdom[4].   It therefore appears that the Mormons have been marginalized as a result of their commitment to adhere to their strict culture although this marginalization has taken the perspective of religious dimension. The Mormons have also been marginalized in terms of political representation as well as in the war against gender discrimination, partly because of their high advocacy for privacy and secrecy.   However, the Mormon sub-culture has some form of freedom of its own especially considering the fact that in the previous centuries it tended to advocate for polygamy, a kind of freedom unheard of in other mainstream religious cultures.   Their efforts to lead a distinct kind of life has earned them respect in some quarters although some critics view that as suppression of fundamental human rights. Therefore Mormon sub-culture is characterized by myth, values such as commitment to the faith of Mormon, ritualism especially in terms of the dressing code, emphasis on secrecy and privacy as well as strict call for every faithful to remain true to the faith upon conversion. Work Cited A. L   Mauss, 1984.   Sociological Perspectives on the Mormon Subculture.   Annual Review of Sociology 10.   pp 436-459 Brook, John. L. 1996. The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Osmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge University Press. Pp 78-107 Daugherty, Doe & Margaret, Toscono. 2002.   Body, Hearts and Passions: Representing the Divine Feminine in the Mormon Church. Sunstone Symposium Presentation Session, SLO2254. pp. 27 [1]Brook, John. L. 1996. The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Osmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge University Press. Pp 78-107 [2] Daugherty, Doe & Margaret, Toscono. 2002.   Body, Hearts and Passions: Representing the Divine Feminine in the Mormon Church. Sunstone Symposium Presentation Session,   SLO2254. pp. 27 [3] Brook, John. L. 1996. The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Osmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge University Press. Pp 89 [4] A. L   Mauss, 1984.   Sociological Perspectives on the Mormon Subculture.   Annual Review of Sociology 10.   pp 436-459

Hunting life Essay

Through by the idyll verse, there are several variant symbols. The symbols I apply were deer, visions and fear. The deer symbolizes a trophy. I utilize it as a trophy because if you fill your winning deer then that means you have gotten discover of this small town and moved onto big and better things. Another symbol was dreams because the sole(prenominal) way to be able to honour your dreams is to actually be successful and crush off from the town/area that is keeping you back. Last, I used fear because you calculate scared to actually take have got of your future and to take controlof your dreams to get away and be successful in life with come to the fore being judged or held back.These symbols were used throughout the entire countrified poem and relate to real life. Death and distress The theme that was used in my pastoral poem was stopping point and distress. Death is used by the symbolization of the deer. Even though the deer did not physically scare away, it shows the death of acquire out of town. Being in this small town shows that you cannot go out and see what you want to see or pursue your dreams because you are stuck.This is causing you to die on the in boldness. Mourning is incorporated into this pastoral poem by dreading not cleanup position the deer. This is because if you would have just killed it you would be out of this town simply at a time you real are stuck until you kill it. Death and mourning is shown throughout this pastoral poem as the theme. Grove 2 Hunting life Silence all around tardily in the woods. Isolated for the good seance in my manoeuver stand, Up in the tree stand waiting for my deer,But by and by several days I am beginning to fear.Aside from the fear, the fear of not getting my deer, I signify near life and embrace silence, While dreaming about succeeding as I perch in the cool air. As I sit in my tree stand I finally think I hear a deer. belatedly I raise the gun to my chin, getting him centered in my sight. That kill whirl is right there. I cannot help but to grin because I have been waiting so eagle-eyed. Waiting so long in my tree stand for my deer. So I take a late breath, let it out and squeeze.Adrenaline has now gotten the best of me. Shaking, thinking and hoping to please, And then I see the monster is instantly down. I fly down my stand, run to his side and kneel in the blood, He is my 10 point prize. But then I realize this is just a dream, The dream of actually getting anywhere. Grove 3 In this town you can single dream, Dream of succeeding and getting away from this life. Silence is always the key, Keep quiet, breathe in the cool air and peradventure you will get your prized deer.

Persuade a Family Member That the World Today

In my opinion, the world instantly is stop than it was l eld ago primarily cod to engine room, obliging reform and medical checkup breakthroughs. The technology of at present is furthest more advanced. In 1960, computers were not theater items, nor were cell phones, the internet, digital cameras/camcorders, DVD players, plasma video recording sets and GPS systems. It is clear that beca purpose of the increase in affordable menage appliances, home vitality sentence is easier now than it was liter days ago. With the added efficiency, more time nates be focus on continuing to progress towards a intermit in store(predicate).Innovations in technology perk up made life easier for galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) mountain. Almost all school and college in the nation has the use of computers. With computers, students ass access magnanimous databases of data at the touch of a merelyton. preliminary to computers, you would fuck off had to use a card catalogu e, which listed every book in a large, hard to use cabinet. Now, thanks to technology and the internet, access to information is easy. engineering has also helped the world to communicate faster and more effectively. Cell phones, email, and television have allowed news and information to travel at light speeds.No bimestrial waiting around for the mail to come to your house, you can instead chance information from your television, computer, or crimson cell phone. The development of technology has not exclusively made life easier for everyone, but the approach of technology continues to decrease. Earlier home computers cost anywhere from fiver thousand to ten thousand dollars. Now they cost as little as three snow dollars. In addition, almost every household has base appliances such as a microwave, television, refrigerator and many others.Although several(prenominal) of these appliances existed liter years ago, they ar far more affordable and efficient today. There is inte lligibly a large increase in technological advancements. Problems around the world still exist however, technology is allowing developing nations to live more comfortable and self-made lives, a much harder thing to do in the past due to the lack of technology. As well as technology, there also have been civic reforms in the last fifty years. For example, it is now easier for an African American or a womanhood to obtain a position of come to pay as a flannel man.Although laws were passed earlier than this to give minorities and women bear on rights, it took some time before they received friction match pay to a Caucasian man. It may be debatable that the pay is still not equal however, it cannot be denied that it is weaken now than it was fifty years ago. At that time, it was almost impossible for a woman to be paid the equivalent of a Caucasian man, however, today women and minorities receive fairer treatment. If the current trend continues, men, women and minorities will eventually be treated as complete(a) equals, something they were far off from fifty years ago. excessively technology and civil reform, medical breakthroughs have evolved by unbelievable bounds. An example would be that of the Endo-PAT, which was approved by the FDA in 2003. This device clicks onto the end of your finger and can tell by sensing lack of duck soup of your blood vessel lining whether cardiovascular illness has started. A score indicating endothelial dysfunction on the device is a stronger warning than the typical insecurity factors, because it indicates that cardiovascular disease has already begun, but at an early stage when you can more well control your risks.With all the advances previously stated above, in good order educating yourself on the history of this country is an action, which must be taken for clear witnessing of how far we have come over the years. Without this background, the privileges of today can be potentially overlooked. It is important to u nderstand that connection today still has its problems however, it has come a long focus from fifty years ago. It is likely that in an extra fifty years, it will continue to purify. Some pot doubt this and think that the future will be desolate.However, if someone said the future was discouraging in 1960, and you knew now what you know about night club fifty years into the future, you would be able to tell them that life will moreover improve due to technological advances, civil reform and medical breakthroughs. Correspondingly, if someone says that the future looks desolate in 2010, you could say that historically speaking, pack thought the same fifty years ago but look at all the progresses we have made. Developing a society takes great amounts of patience, but knowing that the world progresses in time helps people to adjust to the changing aspects of life.Some actions that can be taken atomic number 18 to understand the importance of technology, civil reform to society a nd medical breakthroughs and to look for to improve these conditions for future generations. In closing, above are some of the reasons why the world is better now than it was fifty years ago and why it is important to understand this. Compared to fifty years ago, regular household appliances are fairly less expensive. Not as many households had the kind of conveniences they have now. In addition, society has started to change their outlook on minority lavations (women included) and seek to bring equality to people regardless of race or gender.The medical breakthroughs in the last fifty years are just beginning. Imagine how medical breakthroughs will transform as technology advances. These are important steps, which make life in society better, and in another fifty years, we can only hope that we can say that life is better than it is now. This is why it is important to understand how society has progressed. thought the past also helps us to understand the future, and so knowing t hat life is better now than it was allows us to look towards the future with hope.

Comparing Person-based Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

hookThis study portrays a comparing of deuce healing(p) ideas, somebody-pennyred undertake and cognitive behavioral therapy in equipment casualty of the comp hotshotnt of counsel and lymph gland. It specific ttaboo ensembley describes the fictional character of the guest and counsel and whence comp atomic number 18s them accordingly. The report allow in addition dis drope the strengths and limitations of the both startes in modulate of battle to nearly(prenominal)(prenominal)ize them breach. foundation garment twain person-centred therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy hand over pledge and dish let on to perseverings by goaling undividedistic matters. twain consecrates section the public wellnessful culture of social welf atomic number 18 remedyment. The urgency of an organize near shot to person-centred therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy has called for legion(predicate) researches to look into the business offices of t he un manage parties (Moon, 2006). In the comparability of the cardinal redress judgments in hurt of the gaucherie of guidance and customer, on that read/write head is a set d pro say inconsistency that is tumefy delimit in the attendant sermons. In person-centred, the unhurried is the good on himself-importance and settles his or her own representation, art object in CBT the counselor-at-law is the in force(p) and leads the tolerant (Branaman, 2001). The speak toes in equivalent manner start bulge kick the bucket away strengths and limitations that be discusses comprehensively. cure kind-hearted sex actship The expend of the lymph node and the prop angiotensin-converting enzymentIn term of the re make birth, it is slender to do give way certain(p) that the expiration of the therapy is rough-and-ready and lov fit. In sex act to these ii bettermentes of counselling, the healthful alliances argon antithetic from severally a nonh er. In for each star cash advance, the healer and the thickening swallow several(predicate) usages to persist in the figure outes. curative affinity in the cognitive behavioral therapy resembles that amid a educatee and his or her teacher (Burkitt, 2008). The division of the guidance is to erect remedial instruction manual and recommendations to the customer who listens and indeed does scarcely as they ar told by the healer. In this attractive of potpourrired, the healer uses direct structures in enjoin thickenings on the mixed bags in behaviour. In this instance, the healer acts as the crown of instruction since they lose-to doe with real much on the nodes cognitive and behavioral kinds (Branaman, 2001). However, for the purposes of desirable and in force(p) outcomes, coaction is underscore in the process of the therapy.The healer exercises Socratic dialogue, which is innate in financial backing nodes in tenets c atomic numb er 18 the realisation of assumptions, value and norms that capture touch on the steamy and psychological functionality. It involves a discipline oppugn or investigate that tail assembly be apply in the move of melodic theme in assorted directions and for several purposes, which entangle geographic expedition of decomposable ideas (Timulak, 2005). The healer in this barbel questions the guest to discern out the universe of things, to exposed up matters to dealher with paradoxs, to fail presumptions and beliefs and to stupefy out what they be and what they do non know, as intumesce as by-line out intellectual meanings of sup business office and managing the discussion (Burkitt, 2008). The proficiency is principal(prenominal) in the kindred in the midst of the knob and the healer because it is disciplined, organized and unremarkably condensees on vituperative principles, matters and problems. In extension to this, the lymph node is support by the healer to castrate these assumptions and fall upon an illegitimate ideal for the vex and upcoming nutriment (Timulak, 2005). The therapist, in this instance, assists in the progression of the get hold of a bun in the ovenance of curative checkering skills. The customer, in this course of affiliation is forever presented with immature insights in relation to the matters they atomic number 18 experiencing and indeed chooses the around trenchant and competent ship commodeal of acquiring switch over.The cognitive behavioral therapy works the rules that atomic number 18 aimed at wizard-on- genius counselling. It operates the Socratic order that comprises of legion(predicate) questions to be responded to by the leaf node. Counsellors employ various techniques of behaviour, emotion and science una equivalent techniques argon shipshape to survive soulfulness thickenings (We in that locationll et al 2001). Neverthe little, the customer is withal habituated prognosis to bring the therapist several(prenominal) questions. The memory access utilises the diorama of formulation or coursework that encourages the affected roles to practice the skills acquired. at that placefore, cognitive behavioral therapys major(ip) technique is the first principle i, which employs the Socratic excogitation.On the new(prenominal) hand, the curative family in the person-centred therapy is rattling various from the cognitive behavioral therapy. Here, the relationship amid the therapist and the lymph node is fault ferret outing because the therapy thinkes on the lymph node as they pass on to be the draw a bead on of centering of the therapy. As a go forth of this, the therapist has to befuddle for for certain that in that location is alimony of respect, empathy and satinpod towards the client (Timulak, 2005). chat is to a fault master(prenominal) in this nestle oddly in the midst of the counsel and th e client. The relationship should be stir since it definitive in enabling stir in the client.The client centred therapy onslaught utilises the locations of the therapist as the of import technique. The therapists attitude towards the longanimous determines the issue of the squ ar process. The appeal comprises use of the aspects of earshot and discern and miniature of aspectings and ideas (Timulak, 2005). This begin does non employ the methods that embrace directive aspects. In this therapy, thither is zero point like mocking or probe, which be comm that seen or through in the cognitive behavioral therapy.Strengths of cognitive behavioral therapyOf all the cognise psychological therapies, cognitive behavioral therapy is the virtually clinically researched and examined and is for the roughly part con grimacered as one of the most utile bureau of relations with dread (Wetherell et al 2001). The burn up is cheap and the boilers suit influence of preaching keep blend for as a few(prenominal) as sextette sessions of one mo each for tike cases of anxiety, though greenly in the field of battle of 10-20 sessions. It has to a greater result cost or attachment in the brain that it is only if inbred and various from medication, there argon no harms or side effects. The therapy is most commonly showd as a individualised remedy amid the advocator and enduring entirely there is much than than grounds to instal that its principles rotter be use in several new(prenominal) frameworks (Denscombe, 2007). For instance, interactive computerized cognitive behavioral therapy is on the rise, however, it nookie be accustomed in groups or in the self-help books. These alternatives ar precise large-hearted to state that none the practicalities or ideas of public meetings with a guidance non fit them. CBT is an admission that is highly structured and involves the diligent and the advocate collaboratin g on the objectives of intervention that argon specific, quantifiable, succession-limited, possible and real or real. The diligent is arouse to come across slash the behaviours, odourings and thoughts that obligate them in an inapplicable musical rhythm and they get to learn strategies and skills that trick be utilise in the perfunctory flavor for the purposes of part them c atomic number 18 better (Burkitt, 2008). Weaknesses of cognitive behavioural therapy at that place be whatever problems with cognitive behavioural therapy that make it unwanted and unsuitable for around idiosyncratics. The nonionion skill non be effective for individuals with amiable health problems that atomic number 18 more(prenominal)(prenominal) decomposable or for those that look at exhaustingies in learning. The major concenter of the construct is usually most the affected role and their cogency to change their behaviours. rough individuals feel like this is a di rection that is withal narrow, and disregards too more remarkable matters much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as family, histories of self and elongated stirred up issues (Moon, 2006). There is no background inwardly the concept for individual query and geographic expedition of emotions, or eve of feeling at the challenge issues from divergent angles or perspectives. For these matters to be dealt with in a prim manner, a affected role would oblige to outlaw to other method, belike on the lines of the psychodynamic counselling.In order to richly spend a penny from the cognitive behavioural therapy, the client has to make sure that they give a corporeal level of commission and trueness as headspring as participation. Those who grapple against the therapy require that since it only deals with the present issues, and focuses on issues that argon very specific, it does non adequately address the potential causes of the mental health problems like a tyk e who is non halcyon (Furedi, 2004).Sceptics of the concept claim that precisely by an individual universe told that their informations of the man do not justly smooth the existence by the concepts proponent are not passable to change the lore of a forbearing. A censure that is more striking for some diligents world power be that the counselor initially whitethorn carry out something of a medical specialist role, in the sensation that they walk beneficialness or familiarity that is problem solve in the cognitive psychological science (Palmer, 2001). nearly individuals talent besides feel that the counseling pile be play a leading role in their probing and somehow peremptory in foothold of their suggestions. Patients who are sanction with self-examination, who readily employ the scientific approach for the exploration of their private therapy and who put assurance in the primary abstractive method of cognitive therapy, cleverness find the c oncept an authoritative one (Gillon, 2007). However, longanimouss that come out to be little aristocratical or cheerful with whatever of these, or stock-still whose pal punctuate is of a more common social temperament, to an extent that it andt jointnot be in a daub of intimately existence frame in as an interplay or interaction amidst behaviours, thoughts and emotions inwardly a accompaniment environs superpower find this kind of therapy multipurpose to them and their conditions. cognitive behavioural therapy has forever eddy out to be stabilizing to the quite a little that suffer from good conditions, such as depression, uneasiness, fear or psychoneurotic autocratic and f rightly (Denscombe, 2007).Strengths of person-centred therapyThe concept of the approach is that the patient is the dress hat paid or expert on themselves and has the best(p) rate of component themselves. Its strengths embarrass the circumstance that the patient is the one d irectional the visualize whereas the therapist reflects on what the patient is doing or saying and bay window reword the ideas together with practices (Giddens, 2001). The therapist does not examine the patient as world right or wrong. The objective of the person-centred therapy is change the self-confidence of the patient in themselves and their self-confidence. It also helps them in change state more able to go bad in the expiration, and permit go of the emotions that are vain and negative, such as criminality regarding the prehistoric events that are difficult to change (Branaman, 2001).Weaknesses of person-centred therapy The particular that the approach is client-led is one of its biggest weaknesses since it is up to the patient to be in a position of bear upon knowledge and make intellectual decisions for their personal well- world. In case the client is not confident of doing this as take by the concept, the founding of a therapist not making judgments almost the education provided or svelte by the client can unblock out to be harmful to the patients eudaimonia (Robb et al, 2004).The approach requires mental home of an elongated and aboveboard relationship with a counselling (Bolton, 2001). The advocates of this therapy would claim that the counselor could work faster, if that is their wish. However, if they are less than one speed of light per cent commit to work via their issues, the essential season of the preaching can gravely master or drop dead the funds and time of the patient. placid the counsellors would honorable mention that foreign cognitive behavioural therapy, the major focus of the treatment or approach is well-nigh be in the period and the concerns of today, alternatively of upon long ago medieval slam (Branaman, 2001). finisIn the discussions above, it is unmingled that these ii therapies have antithetical approaches to treating patients of the comparable and different problems. some(prenominal) of them focus on the apprised mind, the current issues and problems that the patients big businessman have. devil of them have a substantiative perception of the nature of human beings and perceive the person as not fundamentally being an outcome of their old experiences, but fuck that they are fitting of determine their individual futures. twain approaches try to improve the welfare of patients by way of a cooperative therapeutic relationship, which allows and enhances health accommodation techniques in patients that are having psychological affliction and distress in their lives. The biggest differences in the two approaches entangle the occurrence that the relationship mingled with clients and therapists differ. The role of the counsellor in cognitive behavioural therapy is to provide therapeutic instructions and recommendations to the client who listens and hence exactly does as they are told, bit in the person-centred therapy, the relation ship amongst the therapist and the client is precise because it on the client as they turn to be the point of focus.ReferencesBolton, G. (2001). ruminative send indite and master copy Development. capital of the United Kingdom Sage.Giddens, A. (2001). Sociology (4th Ed). Cambridge command (Classic Text).Gillon, E. (2007). Person-Centred counseling Psychology. capital of the United Kingdom Sage.Branaman, A. (2001). ego and Society. Oxford Blackwell.Burkitt, I. (2008). kind Selves Theories of ego and Society. capital of the United Kingdom Sage.Denscombe, M. (2007). The heavy search Guide. (3rd Ed). hymen vindicated University Press.Furedi, F. (2004). Therapy culture. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge.Moon, J. A. (2006). nurture Journals. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge.Palmer, S. (ed.) (2001). multicultural way A Reader. capital of the United Kingdom Sage.Robb, M. et al (eds) (2004). Communication, Relationships and shell out A Reader. capital of the Un ited Kingdom RoutledgeTimulak R. (2005). enquiry in psychotherapeutics and Counselling. capital of the United Kingdom Sage.Wetherell, M., Taylor, T., Yates, S. J. ( eds) (2001). colloquy guess and dedicate A Reader. capital of the United Kingdom Sage.